GIẢI PHÁP QUẢN LÍ VÀ TÁI CHẾ CHẤT THẢI NHỰA
Nội dung chính của bài viết
Tóm tắt
Chất thải nhựa đã và đang trở thành một trong những thách thức môi trường lớn trên toàn cầu. Với đặc tính khó phân hủy sinh học, nhựa tồn tại hàng trăm năm trong môi trường tự nhiên, ảnh hưởng tiêu cực đến hệ sinh thái, sức khỏe con người và sự phát triển bền vững. Dựa trên thực trạng ô nhiễm chất thải nhựa hiện nay, bài báo tiến hành nghiên cứu tổng quan và đề xuất các giải pháp quản lí chất thải nhựa hiệu quả và bền vững, bao gồm: áp dụng mô hình kinh tế tuần hoàn, hoàn thiện hành lang pháp lí và nâng cao nhận thức cộng đồng để giảm thiểu chất thải nhựa; tăng cường tái sử dụng, tái chế và ứng dụng công nghệ xử lí hiện đại. Trong đó, công nghệ tái chế là giải pháp quan trọng trong quản lí chất thải nhựa bền vững. Kết quả nghiên cứu góp phần đưa ra cái nhìn tổng quan về các biện pháp giảm thiểu ô nhiễm chất thải nhựa và là cơ sở để lựa chọn các giải pháp quản lí chất thải nhựa phù hợp.
Từ khóa
chất thải nhựa, quản lí chất thải nhựa, giảm thiểu chất thải nhựa, tái chế nhựa, xử lí chất thải nhựa, kinh tế tuần hoàn
Chi tiết bài viết
Tài liệu tham khảo
Abd Karim, S. B., Norman, S., Koting, S., Simarani, K., Loo, S.-C., Mohd Rahim, F. A., Ibrahim, M. R., Md Yusoff, N. I., & Nagor Mohamed, A. H. (2023). Plastic roads in Asia: Current implementations and should it be considered? Materials, 16(16), 5515. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16165515
Ali, D. C., Jassim, A. K., & Al-Sabur, R. (2023). Recycling of polyethylene and polypropylene waste to produce plastic bricks. Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems, 11(4), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.13044/j.sdewes.d11.0462
Bashir, M. A., Tuo, J., Weidman, J., Soong, Y., Gray, M. L., Shi, F., & Wang, P. (2025). Plastic waste gasification for low-carbon hydrogen production: A comprehensive review. Energy Advances. https://doi.org/10.1039/D4YA00292J
Bhatt, K. P., Patel, S., Upadhyay, D. S., & Patel, R. N. (2024). Production of hydrogen-rich fuel gas from waste plastics using continuous plasma pyrolysis reactor. Journal of Environmental Management, 356, 120446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120446
Colelli, L., Verdone, N., Segneri, V., Bruni, J., & Vilardi, G. (2024). Plastic waste valorization for formic acid production: A comparison between the electrolysis and hydrogenation process. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 12(6), 114761. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2024.114761
Idumah, C. I., & Nwuzor, I. C. (2019). Novel trends in plastic waste management. SN Applied Sciences, 1, 1–14.
Javed, M. H., Ahmad, A., Rehan, M., Musharavati, F., Nizami, A.-S., & Khan, M. I. (2025). Advancing sustainable energy: Environmental and economic assessment of plastic waste gasification for syngas and electricity generation using life cycle modeling. Sustainability, 17(3), 1277. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031277
Kunwar, B., Cheng, H., Chandrashekaran, S. R., & Sharma, B. K. (2016). Plastics to fuel: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 54, 421–428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.015
Long, H., Liao, Y., Cui, C., Liu, M., Liu, Z., Li, L., Hu, W., & Yan, D. (2022). Assessment of popular techniques for co-processing municipal solid waste in Chinese cement kilns. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 16, 1–13.
Macheca, A. D., Mutuma, B., Adalima, J. L., Midheme, E., Lúcas, L. H., Ochanda, V. K., & Mhlanga, S. D. (2024). Perspectives on plastic waste management: Challenges and possible solutions to ensure its sustainable use. Recycling, 9(5), 77. https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling9050077
Masharipovna, R. A., & Safarboyevna, O. N. (2025). Plastics, types of plastics, fields of use and production. Modern Digital Technologies in Education: Problems and Prospects, 2(4), 1–5. https://incop.org/index.php/mod/article/view/1158/1136
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. (2023). Báo cáo tình hình phát sinh rác thải nhựa năm 2022 [Report on plastic waste generation in 2022]. https://wwfasia.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/wwf_a4_bao-cao-chat-thai-nhua-final--a--ne-n.pdf
Misra, Y., Kumar, D. J. P., Mishra, R. K., Kumar, V., & Dwivedi, N. (2025). Thermocatalytic pyrolysis of plastic waste into renewable fuel and value-added chemicals: A review of plastic types, operating parameters and upgradation of pyrolysis oil. Water-Energy Nexus. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wen.2025.03.002
Nyika, J., & Dinka, M. (2022). Recycling plastic waste materials for building and construction materials: A minireview. Materials Today: Proceedings, 62, 3257–3262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.04.226
O'Rourke, G., Hennebel, T., Stalpaert, M., Skorynina, A., Bugaev, A., Janssens, K., Van Emelen, L., Lemmens, V., Silva, R. D. O., & Colemonts, C. (2023). Catalytic tandem dehydrochlorination–hydrogenation of PVC towards valorisation of chlorinated plastic waste. Chemical Science, 14(16), 4401–4412. https://doi.org/10.1039/D3SC00945A
Owusu, P. A., Banadda, N., Zziwa, A., Seay, J., & Kiggundu, N. (2018). Reverse engineering of plastic waste into useful fuel products. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 130, 285–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2017.12.020
Petsiuk, A., Lavu, B., Dick, R., & Pearce, J. M. (2022). Waste plastic direct extrusion hangprinter. Inventions, 7(3), 70. https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions7030070
Saleem, J., Tahir, F., Baig, M. Z. K., Al-Ansari, T., & McKay, G. (2023). Assessing the environmental footprint of recycled plastic pellets: A life-cycle assessment perspective. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 32, 103289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2023.103289
Seno Flores, J. D., de Assis Augusto, T., Lopes Vieira Cunha, D. A., Gonçalves Beatrice, C. A., Henrique Backes, E., & Costa, L. C. (2024). Sustainable polymer reclamation: Recycling poly (ethylene terephthalate) glycol (PETG) for 3D printing applications. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Engineering, 19(1), 16.
Sharuddin, S. D. A., Abnisa, F., Daud, W. M. A. W., & Aroua, M. K. (2016). A review on pyrolysis of plastic wastes. Energy Conversion and Management, 115, 308–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2016.02.037
Siddiqui, J., & Pandey, G. (2013). A review of plastic waste management strategies. Int. Res. J. Environ. Sci, 2(12), 84–88.
Singh, R. K., & Ruj, B. (2016). Time and temperature depended fuel gas generation from pyrolysis of real world municipal plastic waste. Fuel, 174, 164–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.01.049
Tian, J., Ni, L., Song, T., Olson, J., & Zhao, J. (2018). An overview of operating parameters and conditions in hydrocyclones for enhanced separations. Separation and Purification Technology, 206, 268–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2018.06.015
Van Emmerik, T., Kieu-Le, T.-C., Loozen, M., Van Oeveren, K., Strady, E., Bui, X.-T., Egger, M., Gasperi, J., Lebreton, L., & Nguyen, P.-D. (2018). A methodology to characterize riverine macroplastic emission into the ocean. Frontiers in Marine Science, 5, 372. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00372
Veksha, A., Giannis, A., Oh, W.-D., & Lisak, G. (2018). Catalytic processing of non-condensable pyrolysis gas from plastics: Effects of calcium supports on nickel-catalyzed decomposition of hydrocarbons and HCl sorption. Chemical Engineering Science, 189, 311–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2018.06.014
Yadav, P., Silvenius, F., Katajajuuri, J.-M., & Leinonen, I. (2024). Life cycle assessment of reusable plastic food packaging. Journal of Cleaner Production, 448, 141529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.141529
Ali, D. C., Jassim, A. K., & Al-Sabur, R. (2023). Recycling of polyethylene and polypropylene waste to produce plastic bricks. Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems, 11(4), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.13044/j.sdewes.d11.0462
Bashir, M. A., Tuo, J., Weidman, J., Soong, Y., Gray, M. L., Shi, F., & Wang, P. (2025). Plastic waste gasification for low-carbon hydrogen production: A comprehensive review. Energy Advances. https://doi.org/10.1039/D4YA00292J
Bhatt, K. P., Patel, S., Upadhyay, D. S., & Patel, R. N. (2024). Production of hydrogen-rich fuel gas from waste plastics using continuous plasma pyrolysis reactor. Journal of Environmental Management, 356, 120446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120446
Colelli, L., Verdone, N., Segneri, V., Bruni, J., & Vilardi, G. (2024). Plastic waste valorization for formic acid production: A comparison between the electrolysis and hydrogenation process. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 12(6), 114761. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2024.114761
Idumah, C. I., & Nwuzor, I. C. (2019). Novel trends in plastic waste management. SN Applied Sciences, 1, 1–14.
Javed, M. H., Ahmad, A., Rehan, M., Musharavati, F., Nizami, A.-S., & Khan, M. I. (2025). Advancing sustainable energy: Environmental and economic assessment of plastic waste gasification for syngas and electricity generation using life cycle modeling. Sustainability, 17(3), 1277. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031277
Kunwar, B., Cheng, H., Chandrashekaran, S. R., & Sharma, B. K. (2016). Plastics to fuel: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 54, 421–428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.015
Long, H., Liao, Y., Cui, C., Liu, M., Liu, Z., Li, L., Hu, W., & Yan, D. (2022). Assessment of popular techniques for co-processing municipal solid waste in Chinese cement kilns. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 16, 1–13.
Macheca, A. D., Mutuma, B., Adalima, J. L., Midheme, E., Lúcas, L. H., Ochanda, V. K., & Mhlanga, S. D. (2024). Perspectives on plastic waste management: Challenges and possible solutions to ensure its sustainable use. Recycling, 9(5), 77. https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling9050077
Masharipovna, R. A., & Safarboyevna, O. N. (2025). Plastics, types of plastics, fields of use and production. Modern Digital Technologies in Education: Problems and Prospects, 2(4), 1–5. https://incop.org/index.php/mod/article/view/1158/1136
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. (2023). Báo cáo tình hình phát sinh rác thải nhựa năm 2022 [Report on plastic waste generation in 2022]. https://wwfasia.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/wwf_a4_bao-cao-chat-thai-nhua-final--a--ne-n.pdf
Misra, Y., Kumar, D. J. P., Mishra, R. K., Kumar, V., & Dwivedi, N. (2025). Thermocatalytic pyrolysis of plastic waste into renewable fuel and value-added chemicals: A review of plastic types, operating parameters and upgradation of pyrolysis oil. Water-Energy Nexus. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wen.2025.03.002
Nyika, J., & Dinka, M. (2022). Recycling plastic waste materials for building and construction materials: A minireview. Materials Today: Proceedings, 62, 3257–3262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.04.226
O'Rourke, G., Hennebel, T., Stalpaert, M., Skorynina, A., Bugaev, A., Janssens, K., Van Emelen, L., Lemmens, V., Silva, R. D. O., & Colemonts, C. (2023). Catalytic tandem dehydrochlorination–hydrogenation of PVC towards valorisation of chlorinated plastic waste. Chemical Science, 14(16), 4401–4412. https://doi.org/10.1039/D3SC00945A
Owusu, P. A., Banadda, N., Zziwa, A., Seay, J., & Kiggundu, N. (2018). Reverse engineering of plastic waste into useful fuel products. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 130, 285–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2017.12.020
Petsiuk, A., Lavu, B., Dick, R., & Pearce, J. M. (2022). Waste plastic direct extrusion hangprinter. Inventions, 7(3), 70. https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions7030070
Saleem, J., Tahir, F., Baig, M. Z. K., Al-Ansari, T., & McKay, G. (2023). Assessing the environmental footprint of recycled plastic pellets: A life-cycle assessment perspective. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 32, 103289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2023.103289
Seno Flores, J. D., de Assis Augusto, T., Lopes Vieira Cunha, D. A., Gonçalves Beatrice, C. A., Henrique Backes, E., & Costa, L. C. (2024). Sustainable polymer reclamation: Recycling poly (ethylene terephthalate) glycol (PETG) for 3D printing applications. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Engineering, 19(1), 16.
Sharuddin, S. D. A., Abnisa, F., Daud, W. M. A. W., & Aroua, M. K. (2016). A review on pyrolysis of plastic wastes. Energy Conversion and Management, 115, 308–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2016.02.037
Siddiqui, J., & Pandey, G. (2013). A review of plastic waste management strategies. Int. Res. J. Environ. Sci, 2(12), 84–88.
Singh, R. K., & Ruj, B. (2016). Time and temperature depended fuel gas generation from pyrolysis of real world municipal plastic waste. Fuel, 174, 164–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.01.049
Tian, J., Ni, L., Song, T., Olson, J., & Zhao, J. (2018). An overview of operating parameters and conditions in hydrocyclones for enhanced separations. Separation and Purification Technology, 206, 268–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2018.06.015
Van Emmerik, T., Kieu-Le, T.-C., Loozen, M., Van Oeveren, K., Strady, E., Bui, X.-T., Egger, M., Gasperi, J., Lebreton, L., & Nguyen, P.-D. (2018). A methodology to characterize riverine macroplastic emission into the ocean. Frontiers in Marine Science, 5, 372. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00372
Veksha, A., Giannis, A., Oh, W.-D., & Lisak, G. (2018). Catalytic processing of non-condensable pyrolysis gas from plastics: Effects of calcium supports on nickel-catalyzed decomposition of hydrocarbons and HCl sorption. Chemical Engineering Science, 189, 311–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2018.06.014
Yadav, P., Silvenius, F., Katajajuuri, J.-M., & Leinonen, I. (2024). Life cycle assessment of reusable plastic food packaging. Journal of Cleaner Production, 448, 141529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.141529