ESTIMATING THE FINAL MASS OF THE CLASS I PROTO BROWN DWARF [GKH94] 41 FROM SMA OBSERVATION
Main Article Content
Abstract
[GKH94] 41 was previously identified to be a class I proto brown-dwarf in Taurus with an estimated final mass below the substellar boundary in a study by Dang Duc et al. (2016). However, in their study, the current final mass of [GKH94] 41 was estimated based on only three photometric data points in the wavelength ranging from 70 µm to 2.9 mm. Studying class I proto-brown dwarfs is very important to understand the evolutionary process of brown dwarfs at the earliest stages. Therefore, in this study observations were used for the source at different millimeter wavelengths to improve the estimated final mass for [GKH94] 41. We observed [GKH94] 41 at 230 GHz (or 1.3 mm) with the Submillimeter Array and then combined with other available data to reconstruct the spectral energy distribution of the source. The flux density of [GKH94] 41 is measured at 1.3 mm to be 2.6 ± 0.5 mJy. Our estimated final mass of [GKH94] 41 is MJupiter. The estimated final mass in this paper is in agreement with our previously estimated mass of [GKH94] 41. Our result confirms that the source will end up as a brown dwarf.
Keywords
brown dwarfs, star formation, proto-stars
Article Details
References
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Bonnell, I. A., Clark, P., & Bate, M. R. (2008). Gravitational fragmentation and the formation of brown dwarfs in stellar clusters. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 389(4), 1556-1562.
Bulger, J., Patience, J., Ward-Duong, K., Pinte, C., Bouy, H., Ménard, F., & Monin, J. L. (2014). The Taurus Boundary of Stellar/Substellar (TBOSS) Survey-I. Far-IR disk emission measured with Herschel. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 570, A29.
Chandler, C. J., Barsony, M., & Moore, T. J. (1998). The circumstellar envelopes around three protostars in Taurus. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 299(3), 789-798.
Dang Duc, C., Phan-Bao, N., & Dao Van. D. T. (2016). Two confirmed class I very low-mass objects in Taurus. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 588, L2.
Harvey, P. M., Henning, T., Liu, Y., Ménard, F., Pinte, C., Wolf, S.,... & Pascucci, I. (2012). A Herschel Survey of cold dust in disks around brown dwarfs and low-mass stars. The Astrophysical Journal, 755(1), 67.
Ho, P. T., Moran, J. M., & Lo, K. Y. (2004). The submillimeter array. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 616(1), L1.
Lee, C. W., Kim, M. R., Kim, G., Saito, M., Myers, P. C., & Kurono, Y. (2013). Early star-forming processes in dense molecular cloud L328; identification of L328-IRS as a proto-brown dwarf. The Astrophysical Journal, 777(1), 50.
Liu, M. C., Matthews, B. C., Williams, J. P., & Kalas, P. G. (2004). A submillimeter search of nearby young stars for cold dust: Discovery of debris disks around two low-mass stars. The Astrophysical Journal, 608(1), 526-532.
Luhman, K. L., Stauffer, J. R., Muench, A. A., Rieke, G. H., Lada, E. A., Bouvier, J., & Lada, C. J. (2003). A census of the young cluster IC 348. The Astrophysical Journal, 593(2),
1093-1115.
Luhman, K. L., Allen, P. R., Espaillat, C., Hartmann, L., & Calvet, N. (2010). Erratum:"The Disk Population of the Taurus Star-Forming Region" (2010, ApJS, 186, 111). The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 189, 353-354.
Padoan, P., & Nordlund, Å. (2004). The “mysterious” origin of brown dwarfs. The Astrophysical Journal, 617(1), 559-564.
Palau, A., Zapata, L. A., Rodríguez, L. F., Bouy, H., Barrado, D., Morales-Calderón, M., & Li, D. (2014). IC 348-SMM2E: a Class 0 proto-brown dwarf candidate forming as a scaled-down version of low-mass stars. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 444(1),
833-845.
Wright, E. L., Eisenhardt, P. R., Mainzer, A. K., Ressler, M. E., Cutri, R. M., Jarrett, T.,... & Stanford, S. A. (2010). The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE): mission description and initial on-orbit performance. The Astronomical Journal, 140(6), 1868-1881.