METHOD VALIDATION AND DETERMINATION OF SEVERAL ELEMENTS IN FARMED FISH BY INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY (ICP-MS)
Main Article Content
Abstract
In recent years, the fishery sector in Vietnam has remarkably developed. It not only serves the domestic market but also becomes a key export. In 2003, Vietnam was the country with the largest sea products exported to the USA, Japan, China, and Korea. The quality of fish is influenced by various criteria, mainly related to their feeding and living habitat. Among many chemical compositions, the elements could accumulate in many organs and tissues depending on the way of exposure such as through diet or their elevated levels in the environment. Moreover, the accumulation of many metals in the fish body is different due to various affinities of metals to fish tissues, different uptake, deposition, and excretion rates. In this study, microwave-assisted acid digestion and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were investigated and validated for the determination of Cr, Mn, Ni, Co, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb in fish tissue samples based on AOAC. 2015.01 (2015). The method performed proper linear ranges (R2 > 0.995), favorable repeatability, and reproducibility according to Appendix F. AOAC (2016). The recoveries were from 85.8 to 109.4% for all elements. This method could be applied for routine analysis to determine and control the elements in fish tissue samples. The contents of quantified elements in six fish samples purchased in Ho Chi Minh City were below the permitted level according to 46/2007/QD-BYT (2007). Therefore, the amount of these elements in the fish tissue are safe for human consumption.
Keywords
elements, fish tissue, ICP-MS, microwave
Article Details
References
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Ellison, S. L., Barwick, V. J., & Farrant, T. J. D. (2009). Practical statistics for the analytical scientist: a bench guide: Royal Society of Chemistry.
EPA 6020B: Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (2014).
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Malik, D., & Maurya, P. K. (2014). Heavy metal concentration in water, sediment, and tissues of fish species (Heteropneustis fossilis and Puntius ticto) from Kali River, India. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, 96(8), 1195-1206. doi: 10.1080/02772248.2015.1015296
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Olesik, J. W., & Jiao, S. (2017). Matrix effects using an ICP-MS with a single positive ion lens and grounded stop: analyte mass dependent? Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 32(5), 951-966. doi: 10.1039/C7JA00043J
Oliveira, L. H., Ferreira, N. S., Oliveira, A., Nogueira, A. R. A., & Gonzalez, M. H. (2017). Evaluation of distribution and bioaccumulation of arsenic by ICP-MS in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultivated in different environments. Journal of the Brazilian chemical society, 28(12), 2455-2463. doi: 10.21577/0103-5053.20170101
Patrick, F., & Loutit, M. (1978). Passage of metals to freshwater fish from their food. Water Research, 12(6), 395-398. doi: 10.1016/0043-1354(78)90106-9
Pupyshev, A. A., & Semenova, E. V. (2001). Formation of doubly charged atomic ions in the inductively coupled plasma. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 56(12),
2397-2418. doi: 10.1016/S0584-8547(01)00301-9
Rajkowska, M., & Protasowicki, M. (2013). Distribution of metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu) in fish tissues in two lakes of different trophy in Northwestern Poland. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 185(4), 3493-3502. doi: 10.1007/s10661-012-2805-8
Rakocevic, J., Sukovic, D., & Maric, D. (2018). Distribution and relationships of eleven trace elements in muscle of six fish species from Skadar Lake (Montenegro). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 18(5), 647-657. doi: 10.4194/1303-2712-v18_5_01
Renieri, E. A., Alegakis, A. K., Kiriakakis, M., Vinceti, M., Ozcagli, E., Wilks, M. F., & Tsatsakis, A. M. (2014). Cd, Pb and Hg biomonitoring in fish of the mediterranean region and risk estimations on fish consumption. Toxics, 2(3), 417-442. doi: 10.3390/toxics2030417
Renieri, E. A., Safenkova, I. V., Alegakis, A. Κ., Slutskaya, E. S., Kokaraki, V., Kentouri, M., Boris, B. D., & Tsatsakis, A. M. (2019). Cadmium, lead and mercury in muscle tissue of gilthead seabream and seabass: Risk evaluation for consumers. Food and chemical toxicology, 124, 439-449. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.12.020
Saleh, Y. S., & Marie, M.-A. S. (2015). Assessment of metal contamination in water, sediment, and tissues of Arius thalassinus fish from the Red Sea coast of Yemen and the potential human risk assessment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(7), 5481-5490. doi: 10.1007/s11356-014-3780-0
Sandrine Millour, L. N. l., Ali Kadar, Rachida Chekri, Christelle Vastel, Thierry Gue´ rin. (2011). Simultaneous analysis of 21 elements in foodstuffs by ICP-MS after closed-vessel microwave digestion: Method validation. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 24(1), 111-120. doi: 10.1016/j.jfca.2010.04.002
Sidhu, K. S. (2003). Health benefits and potential risks related to consumption of fish or fish oil. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 38(3), 336-344. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2003.07.002
Thomas, R. (2013). Practical guide to ICP-MS: a tutorial for beginners: CRC press.
Vietnamese National Standard (TCVN) 11489:2016. Foodstuffs - Determination of elements and their chemical species – General considerations and specific requirements (2016).
Wilschefski, S. C., & Baxter, M. R. (2019). Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry: Introduction to Analytical Aspects. The Clinical Biochemist Reviews, 40(3), 115. doi: 10.33176/AACB-19-00024
AOAC. 2015. 01. Heavy Metals in Food, Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (2015).
Appendix F. AOAC. Guidelines for Standard Method Performance Requirements (2016).
Batvari, B. P. D., Kamala-Kannan, S., Shanthi, K., Krishnamoorthy, R., Lee, K. J., & Jayaprakash, M. (2008). Heavy metals in two fish species (Carangoidel malabaricus and Belone stronglurus) from Pulicat Lake, North of Chennai, Southeast Coast of India. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 145(1-3), 167-175. doi: 10.1007/s10661-007-0026-3
Bird, G., Mills, K., & Schwartz, W. (1999). Accumulation of 60Co and 134Cs in lake whitefish in a Canadian shield lake. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 114(3-4), 303-322. doi: 10.1023/A:1005146015822
Canli, M., & Atli, G. (2003). The relationships between heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn) levels and the size of six Mediterranean fish species. Environmental Pollution, 121(1), 129-136. doi: 10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00194-X
Dallas, H. F., & Day, J. A. (2004). The effect of water quality variables on aquatic ecosystems: a review. Water Research Commission Pretoria.
Decision No. 46/2007/QD-BYT. Regulation of maximum level of biological and chemical pollution in food (2007).
Dhanakumar, S., Solaraj, G., & Mohanraj, R. (2015). Heavy metal partitioning in sediments and bioaccumulation in commercial fish species of three major reservoirs of river Cauvery delta region, India. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 113, 145-151. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.11.032
Dvořák, P., Andreji, J., Mráz, J., & Dvořáková-Líšková, Z. (2015). Concentration of heavy and toxic metals in fish and sediments from the Morava river basin, Czech Republic. Neuro endocrinology letters, 36, 126-132.
Ellison, S. L., Barwick, V. J., & Farrant, T. J. D. (2009). Practical statistics for the analytical scientist: a bench guide: Royal Society of Chemistry.
EPA 6020B: Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (2014).
FAO (2005). Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fi/oldsite/FCP/en/VNM/profile.htm (assessed 15/05/2021).
FAO 764. Compilation of legal limits for hazardous substances in fish and fishery products. FAO Fisheries Circular (1983).
Järup, L. (2003). Hazards of heavy metal contamination. British Medical Bulletin, 68(1), 167-182. doi: 10.1093/bmb/ldg032
Kalay, M., Ay, Ö., & Canli, M. (1999). Heavy metal concentrations in fish tissues from the Northeast Mediterranean Sea. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 63(5), 673-681. doi: 10.1007/s001289901033
Konieczka, P., & Namiesnik, J. (2016). Quality assurance and quality control in the analytical chemical laboratory: A practical approach: CRC Press.
Malik, D., & Maurya, P. K. (2014). Heavy metal concentration in water, sediment, and tissues of fish species (Heteropneustis fossilis and Puntius ticto) from Kali River, India. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, 96(8), 1195-1206. doi: 10.1080/02772248.2015.1015296
Malik, N., Biswas, A., Qureshi, T., Borana, K., & Virha, R. (2010). Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish tissues of a freshwater lake of Bhopal. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 160(1-4), 267. doi: 10.1007/s10661-008-0693-8
Mester, Z., & Sturgeon, R. (2003). Sample Preparation for Trace Element Analysis: Elsevier.
Moiseenko, T., & Kudryavtseva, L. (2001). Trace metal accumulation and fish pathologies in areas affected by mining and metallurgical enterprises in the Kola Region, Russia. Environmental Pollution, 114(2), 285-297. doi: 10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00197-4
Monikh, F. A., Safahieh, A., Savari, A., Ronagh, M. T., & Doraghi, A. (2013). The relationship between heavy metal (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni and Pb) levels and the size of benthic, benthopelagic and pelagic fish species, Persian Gulf. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 90(6), 691-696. doi: 10.1007/s00128-013-0986-7
Nguyen, Q. T., Le, V. T., Nguyen, T. K. P. (2015). Xac dinh ham luong cadimi trong mot so loai ca nuoc ngot bang phuong phap ICP-OES [Determination of cadmium concentrations in freshwater fish by ICP-OES]. Vietnam Journal of Chemistry, 53(6), 756-759.
Nordberg, M., Nordberg, G. F., Fowler, B. A., & Friberg, L. (1986). Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals.
Olesik, J. W., & Jiao, S. (2017). Matrix effects using an ICP-MS with a single positive ion lens and grounded stop: analyte mass dependent? Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 32(5), 951-966. doi: 10.1039/C7JA00043J
Oliveira, L. H., Ferreira, N. S., Oliveira, A., Nogueira, A. R. A., & Gonzalez, M. H. (2017). Evaluation of distribution and bioaccumulation of arsenic by ICP-MS in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultivated in different environments. Journal of the Brazilian chemical society, 28(12), 2455-2463. doi: 10.21577/0103-5053.20170101
Patrick, F., & Loutit, M. (1978). Passage of metals to freshwater fish from their food. Water Research, 12(6), 395-398. doi: 10.1016/0043-1354(78)90106-9
Pupyshev, A. A., & Semenova, E. V. (2001). Formation of doubly charged atomic ions in the inductively coupled plasma. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 56(12),
2397-2418. doi: 10.1016/S0584-8547(01)00301-9
Rajkowska, M., & Protasowicki, M. (2013). Distribution of metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu) in fish tissues in two lakes of different trophy in Northwestern Poland. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 185(4), 3493-3502. doi: 10.1007/s10661-012-2805-8
Rakocevic, J., Sukovic, D., & Maric, D. (2018). Distribution and relationships of eleven trace elements in muscle of six fish species from Skadar Lake (Montenegro). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 18(5), 647-657. doi: 10.4194/1303-2712-v18_5_01
Renieri, E. A., Alegakis, A. K., Kiriakakis, M., Vinceti, M., Ozcagli, E., Wilks, M. F., & Tsatsakis, A. M. (2014). Cd, Pb and Hg biomonitoring in fish of the mediterranean region and risk estimations on fish consumption. Toxics, 2(3), 417-442. doi: 10.3390/toxics2030417
Renieri, E. A., Safenkova, I. V., Alegakis, A. Κ., Slutskaya, E. S., Kokaraki, V., Kentouri, M., Boris, B. D., & Tsatsakis, A. M. (2019). Cadmium, lead and mercury in muscle tissue of gilthead seabream and seabass: Risk evaluation for consumers. Food and chemical toxicology, 124, 439-449. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.12.020
Saleh, Y. S., & Marie, M.-A. S. (2015). Assessment of metal contamination in water, sediment, and tissues of Arius thalassinus fish from the Red Sea coast of Yemen and the potential human risk assessment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(7), 5481-5490. doi: 10.1007/s11356-014-3780-0
Sandrine Millour, L. N. l., Ali Kadar, Rachida Chekri, Christelle Vastel, Thierry Gue´ rin. (2011). Simultaneous analysis of 21 elements in foodstuffs by ICP-MS after closed-vessel microwave digestion: Method validation. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 24(1), 111-120. doi: 10.1016/j.jfca.2010.04.002
Sidhu, K. S. (2003). Health benefits and potential risks related to consumption of fish or fish oil. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 38(3), 336-344. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2003.07.002
Thomas, R. (2013). Practical guide to ICP-MS: a tutorial for beginners: CRC press.
Vietnamese National Standard (TCVN) 11489:2016. Foodstuffs - Determination of elements and their chemical species – General considerations and specific requirements (2016).
Wilschefski, S. C., & Baxter, M. R. (2019). Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry: Introduction to Analytical Aspects. The Clinical Biochemist Reviews, 40(3), 115. doi: 10.33176/AACB-19-00024