SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF BENTHIC ALGAE ASSEMBLAGES IN RELATION TO ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES IN THE CAN GIO MANGROVE BIOSPHERE RESERVE, VIETNAM
Main Article Content
Abstract
The seasonal variations of benthic algae assemblages in relation to environmental variables in the Can Gio Mangrove Biosphere Reserve (CGMBR), Vietnam, were investigated from 14 sites in two surveys (October 2020 and January 2021). A total of 151 species were recorded, with a clear dominance of Bacillariophyceae, which formed above 86% of the total benthic algae abundance. The benthic algae abundance ranged from 7.38×104 to 9.79×104 (cells/cm2) in October 2020 and January 2021, respectively. Among the ten environmental parameters tested in this study, salinity, turbidity, TSS, and nitrite were found to be significantly different between the two seasons. On the other hand, no significant difference was found between stations for the studied physico-chemical parameters. Results of canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicated that the benthic algae assemblage in CGMBR was influenced by TSS, salinity, turbidity, ammonium, and nitrite concentration. This study provided baseline information for further studies on the benthic algae communities in relation to ecological, environmental factors and food chains in CGMBR.
Keywords
abundance and biomass, Can Gio mangrove, canonical correspondence analysis (CCA)
Article Details
References
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Pham, T. L. (2017). Environmental gradients regulate the spatio-temporal variability of phytoplankton assemblages in the Can Gio Mangrove Biosphere Reserve, Vietnam. Ocean Science Journal, 52(4), 537-547.
Saifullah, A. S., Kamal, A. H., Idris, M. H., Rajaee, A. H., & Bhuiyan, M. K. (2016). Phytoplankton in tropical mangrove estuaries: role and interdependency. Forest Science and Technology, 12(2), 104-13.
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Sun, J., & Liu, D. (2003). Geometric models for calculating cell biovolume and surface area for phytoplankton. Journal of plankton research, 25(11), 1331-46.
Sylvestre, F., Guiral, D., & Debenay, J. P. (2004). Modern diatom distribution in mangrove swamps from the Kaw Estuary (French Guiana). Marine Geology, 208(2-4), 281-93.
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Vadrucci, M. R., Cabrini, M., & Basset, A. (2007). Biovolume determination of phytoplankton guilds in transitional water ecosystems of Mediterranean Ecoregion. Transitional waters bulletin, 1(2), 83-102.
Vo, Q. T., & Kuenzer, C. (2012). Can Gio Mangrove Biosphere Reserve evaluation 2012: Current Status, Dynamics and Ecosystem Services. IUCN, Hanoi Vietnam, 102 pages..
Wehr, J. D., Sheath, R. G., & Kociolek, J. P. (2015). Freshwater algae of North America: ecology and classification. Elsevier.
Wetzel, R. G., & Likens, G. (2000). Limnological analyses. Springer Science & Business Media.
Wu, N., Tang, T., Qu, X., & Cai, Q. (2009). Spatial distribution of benthic algae in the Gangqu River, Shangrila, China. Aquatic Ecology, 43(1), 37-49.
Blackford, J. C. (2002). The influence of microphytobenthos on the Northern Adriatic ecosystem: a modelling study. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 55(1), 109-123.
Brown, M. R. (2002). Nutritional value and use of microalgae in aquaculture. Avances en Nutrición Acuicola.
Desikachary, T. V. (1959). Cyanophyta. Indian Council of Agricultural Research New Delhi.
Desikachary, T. V. (1988). Atlas of Diatoms, Vol. II, III, IV, V. Madras. Madras Sciences Foundation Publication.
Dickman, M. D., Peart, M. R., & Wai‐Shu, Yim. W. (2005). Benthic diatoms as indicators of stream sediment concentrationin Hong Kong. International Review of Hydrobiology: A Journal Covering all Aspects of Limnology and Marine Biology, 90(4), 412-21.
Domingues, R. B., Barbosa, A. B., Sommer, U., & Galvao, H. M. (2011). Ammonium, nitrate and phytoplankton interactions in a freshwater tidal estuarine zone: potential effects of cultural eutrophication. Aquatic sciences, 73(3), 331-43.
Edward, G. B., & David, C. S. (2010). Freshwater algae, identification and use as bioindicators. Wiley–Blackwell, 272 pages.
Gaiser, E. (2009). Periphyton as an indicator of restoration in the Florida Everglades. Ecological Indicators, 9(6), S37-45.
Guiry, M. D., & Guiry, G. M. (2017). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication. National University of Ireland, Galway.
Hendrarto, I. B., & Nitisuparjo, M. (2011). Biodiversity of benthic diatom and primary productivity of benthic micro-flora in mangrove forests on central Java. Journal of Coastal Development, 14(2), 131-40.
Hillebrand, H., Dürselen, C. D., Kirschtel, D., Pollingher, U., & Zohary, T. (1999). Biovolume calculation for pelagic and benthic microalgae. Journal of phycology, 35(2), 403-24.
Kim, H. K., Cho, I. H., Hwang, E. A., Kim, Y. J., & Kim, B. H. (2019). Benthic diatom communities in Korean estuaries: species appearances in relation to environmental variables. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(15), 2681.
Krammer, K., & Lange-Bertalot, H. (2007a) In: Süsβwasserflora von Mitteleuropa, Band 2/1: Bacillariophyceae 1. Teil: Basillariaceae, Epithemiaceae, Surirellaceae. Ettl H., Gerloff J., Heying H., Mollenhauer D., editors. Elsevier Book Co.; Berlin, Germany.
Krammer, K., & Lange-Bertalot H. (2007b). In: Süsβwasserflora von Mitteleuropa, Band 2/1: Bacillariophyceae 1. Teil: Naviculaceae. Ettl H., Gerloff J., Heying H., Mollenhauer D., editors. Elsevier Book Co., Berlin, Germany.
Kuenzer, C., & Vo, Q. T. (2013). Assessing the ecosystem services value of Can Gio Mangrove Biosphere Reserve: Combining earth-observation-and household-survey-based analyses. Applied Geography, 1(45), 167-84.
Larsen, J., & Nguyen, N. L. (2004). Potentially toxic microalgae of Vietnamese waters. Copenhagen, Denmark: Council for Nordic Publications in Botany.
Lavoie, I., & Hamilton, P. B. (2008). Guide d’identification des diatomées des rivières de l’Est du Canada. PUQ.
Lepš, J., Šmilauer, P. (2003). Multivariate analysis of ecological data using CANOCO. Cambridge university press.
Li, X. L., Marella, T. K., Tao, L., Peng, L., Song, C. F., ... Li, G. (2017). A novel growth method for diatom algae in aquaculture waste water for natural food development and nutrient removal. Water Science and Technology, 75(12), 2777-2783.
Loneragan, N. R., Bunn, S. E., & Kellaway, D. M. (1997). Are mangroves and seagrasses sources of organic carbon for penaeid prawns in a tropical Australian estuary? A multiple stable-isotope study. Marine Biology, 130(2), 289-300.
Newell, R. I., Marshall, N., Sasekumar, A., & Chong, V. C. (1995). Relative importance of benthic microalgae, phytoplankton, and mangroves as sources of nutrition for penaeid prawns and other coastal invertebrates from Malaysia. Marine Biology, 123(3), 595-606.
Nguyen, T. G. H., Tran T., & Nguyen T. T. (2009). Quan xa khue tao bam trong he sinh thai rung ngap man tai khu du tru sinh quyen Can Gio, Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh [Benthic diatom communities of mangrove forests of Can Gio Bioshpere Reserve, Ho Chi Minh City]. Journal of Science and Development, 12(7), 72-78.
Nguyen, T. G. H., Nguyen, T. T., & Le X. T. (2013). Su dung chi so TDI danh gia tinh trang dinh duong trong nen tram tich rung ngap man bi xao tron do bao Durian tai khu du tru sinh quyen rung ngap man Can Gio, Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh [Using TDI to Assess Sedimentary Nutrient Status of the Mangrove forest Disturbed by Durian Typhoon at Can Gio Biosphere Reserver, Ho Chi Minh City]. Journal of Science and Development, 11, 663-671.
Pham, T. L. (2017). Environmental gradients regulate the spatio-temporal variability of phytoplankton assemblages in the Can Gio Mangrove Biosphere Reserve, Vietnam. Ocean Science Journal, 52(4), 537-547.
Saifullah, A. S., Kamal, A. H., Idris, M. H., Rajaee, A. H., & Bhuiyan, M. K. (2016). Phytoplankton in tropical mangrove estuaries: role and interdependency. Forest Science and Technology, 12(2), 104-13.
Soumia, A. (1978). Phytoplankton manual. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Unesco, 337 pages.
Sun, J., & Liu, D. (2003). Geometric models for calculating cell biovolume and surface area for phytoplankton. Journal of plankton research, 25(11), 1331-46.
Sylvestre, F., Guiral, D., & Debenay, J. P. (2004). Modern diatom distribution in mangrove swamps from the Kaw Estuary (French Guiana). Marine Geology, 208(2-4), 281-93.
Ton, T. P. (2009). Da dang sinh hoc o pha Tam Giang-Cau Hai tinh Thua thien Hue [Biodiversity of the Tam Giang – Cau Hai lagoon, Thua Thien Hue province, Central Vietnam]. Hue University Publishing House, 214 pages.
UNESCO, MAB Project (2000). Valuation of the mangrove ecosystem in Can Gio Biosphere Reserve, Vietnam. Final report. Implemented by: The Vietnam MAB National Committee.
Vadrucci, M. R., Cabrini, M., & Basset, A. (2007). Biovolume determination of phytoplankton guilds in transitional water ecosystems of Mediterranean Ecoregion. Transitional waters bulletin, 1(2), 83-102.
Vo, Q. T., & Kuenzer, C. (2012). Can Gio Mangrove Biosphere Reserve evaluation 2012: Current Status, Dynamics and Ecosystem Services. IUCN, Hanoi Vietnam, 102 pages..
Wehr, J. D., Sheath, R. G., & Kociolek, J. P. (2015). Freshwater algae of North America: ecology and classification. Elsevier.
Wetzel, R. G., & Likens, G. (2000). Limnological analyses. Springer Science & Business Media.
Wu, N., Tang, T., Qu, X., & Cai, Q. (2009). Spatial distribution of benthic algae in the Gangqu River, Shangrila, China. Aquatic Ecology, 43(1), 37-49.