THE PROCESS OF FORMING THE NIXON DOCTRINE (1969)
Main Article Content
Abstract
By analysing the primary sources of U.S Department of State, the National Archives of the United States, and Richard M. Nixon’s speeches, and applying historical methods, this article presents the development of Nixon Doctrine from January to November 1969. The research result shows that in his first year of presidency, under pressure from various sources, R. Nixon officially proclaimed Nixon Doctrine with the support of his principal advisers. The doctrine consists of three main elements: (1) The United States continues to keep its commitments; (2) The United States will provide a shield if its key ally is under a nuclear threat; (3) The United States only provides military and economic supports, the host countries will provide the manpower for its defence. It is a doctrine that directs Nixon’ government to act during his term.
Keywords
the Guam Doctrine, the Nixon Doctrine, Vietnamization
Article Details
References
Department of State. (2006). Foreign Relations of the United Sates (1969-1976). Volume VI: Vietnam, January 1969 - July 1970. Washington: United States Gorvenment Printing Office.
Haldeman, W. E. (2010). Vietnamization: an interdisciplinary study of Nixon Administration decision making (Doctor thesis). American University, Washington D. C.
Hall, M. K. (Ed). (2018). Opposition to war – an encyclopedia of U.S. peace and antiwar movements. California: ABC-CLIO.
Kissinger, H. (2003). Ending the Vietnam War: a history of America’s involvement in and extrication from the Vietnam War. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Laderman, Scott. (2020). The “Silent Majority” speech: Richard Nixon, the Vietnam war, and the Origins of the New Right. New York: Routledge.
Nixon, R. M. (1985). No more Vietnams. New York: Arbor House Publishing.
Nixon, R. M. (1992). RN: The memoirs of Richard Nixon. New York: Simon & Schuter.
Thayer, T. C. (Ed). (1977a). A system analysis view of Vietnam war 1965-1972, vol.1, The situation in Southeast Asia. Washington: The Southeast Asia Analysis Report.
Thayer, T. C. (Ed). (1977b). A system analysis view of Vietnam war 1965-1972, volume 8, Casualties and loses. Washington: The Southeast Asia Analysis Report.
The National Archives of the United States. (1971). Public papers of the Presidents of the United States: Richard Nixon – Containing the public messages, speechs, and statements of the President 1969. Washington: United States government priting office.
Tran, T. N. H. (2020). Quan diem cua Richard Nixon ve cuoc chien tranh tai Viet Nam truoc khi nham chuc tong thong Mi (01/1953-01/1969). Ho Chi Minh City University of Education Journal of Science, 17(10), pp.1748-1757.
U.S. history (2014). Texas: OpenStax.
Zunes, S. & Laird, J. (2010). The US anti-Vietnam war movement (1964-1973). International Center on Nonviolent Conflict.