A STUDY ON TOXIN OF Edwardsiella ictaluri IN STRIPED CATFISH (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE AT THE FRY STAGE OF 45 DAYS OLD
Main Article Content
Abstract
Bacteria Edwardsiella ictaluri is a major pathogenic bacterium threatening aquatic species and seriously affecting the aquaculture industry globally. Previous studies have focused on analyzing bacteria's pathological signs and virulence on pangasius fingerlings. However, research on the virulence and pathogenicity of Edwardsiella ictaluri in the striped catfish at the fry stage is still limited. Therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate the pathogenicity and virulence of Edwardsiella ictaluri bacteria on 45-day-old striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) through infection experiments. A total of 1,170 striped catfish were subjected to infection at concentrations of 0, 103, 104, 105, and 106 CFU/mL by the immersion method. After nine days of infection, the results showed that the cumulative mortality of striped catfish ranged from 3.08 - 100%. The lethal dose (LD50) of E. ictaluri on striped catfish at the fry stage was 7.59 × 104 CFU/mL. At all concentrations, the growth parameters (weight gain, percentage specific growth rate, daily weight gain, length gain, percentage specific growth rate length, daily length gain of striped catfish treatment) were reduced compared with the control group.
Keywords
Edwardsiella ictaluri, fry stage, LD50, striped catfish, Pangasianodon hypopthalmus
Article Details
References
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Carraschi, S. P., Cruz, C., Neto, J. G. M., Moraes, F. R., Rossi Júnior, O. D., Nader Neto, A., & Bortoluzzi, N. L., (2012). Evaluation of experimental infection with Aeromonas hydrophila in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) (Holmberg, 1887). International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture, 4, 81-84.
Crumlish M., Tu D. T., Turnbull J. F., Nguyen N. T. N., & Ferguson H. W. (2002). Identification of Edwardsiella ictaluri from diseased freshwater catfish, Pangasius hypophthalmus (Sauvage), cultured in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Journal of Fish Diseases, 25(12), 733-736.
Crumlish, M., Thanh, P. C., Koesling, J., Tung, V. T., & Gravningen, K. (2010). Experimental challenge studies in Vietnamese catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage), exposed to Edwardsiella ictaluri and Aeromonas hydrophila. Journal of fish diseases, 33(9), 717-722.
Dang, T. H. O., Jung, T. S., Huynh, K. N., & Nguyen, H. N. U. (2014). Determination of the possibility to produce antibody of stripped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) infected by anttenuated Edwardsiella ictaluri bacteria. Can Tho University Journal of Science, 34, 70-76.
Dang, T. H. O., & Nguyen, T. P. (2009). The virulence of Edwardsiella ictaluri isolated from catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) with pyogenic liver disease. Science and Techonology Journal of Agriculture & Rural Development, 12, 64-70.
Dias, M. K., Sampaio, L. S., Proietti-Junior, A. A., Yoshioka, E. T., Rodrigues, D. P., Rodriguez, A. F., ... Tavares-Dias, M. (2016). Lethal dose and clinical signs of Aeromonas hydrophila in Arapaima gigas (Arapaimidae), the giant fish from Amazon. Veterinary Microbiology, 188, 12-15.
Ferguson, H.W., Turnbull, J.F., Shinn, A., Thompson, K., Dung, T. T., & Crumlish, M. (2001). Bacillary nercrosis in farmed Pangasius hypophthalamus (Sauvage) from the Mekong Delta, Viet Nam. Journal of Fish Diseases, 24(9), 509-513.
Finney, D. J. (1971). Statistical logic in the monitoring of reactions to therapeutic drugs. Methods of information in medicine, 10(4), 237-245.
Labrie, L., Ng, J., Tan, Z., Komar ,C., Ho, E., Grisez, L. (2008). No - cardial infections in fish:an emerging problem in both freshwater and marine aquaculture systems in Asia. In: Bondad-Reantaso MG, Mohan CV, Crumlish M, Subasinghe RP (eds) Diseases in Asian aquaculture VI. Fish Health Section, Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, 297-312
Le, H. P. (2013). Summary report on scientific and technological results of the project "Improving the efficiency of using inactivated vaccines through protein heat shock". Research Institute for Aquaculture No.2.
Luu, T. P. K., Truong, V., Luong, T. L. T., Nguyen, X. T., & Tran, T. P. D. (2022). Use of dietary garlic (Allium sativum L.) and Vietnamese balm (Elsholtzia ciliata) extract for prevention of Bacillary Necrosis in Pangasius (BNP) in striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). Academia Journal of Biology, 44(4), 65-76.
Luu, T. P. K., Nguyen, H. G., & Tran, T. P. D. (2022). Histopathological characteristics of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) in challenge with Edwardsiella ictaluri. Can Tho University Journal of Science, 14(CBA), 7-16.
Ly, T. T. L., Vo, H. P., Le, H. T., Ma, T. L., Nguyen, D. T., & Doan, V. C. (2009). Preliminary report on the topic "Research on white gill disease, white liver disease in striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and prevention measures.
Murray, C. B., Evelyn, T. P. T., Beacham, T. D., Barner, L. W., Ketcheson, J. E., & Prosperi-Porta, L. (1992). Experimental induction of bacterial kidney disease in chinook salmon by immersion and cohabitation challenges. Diseases of aquatic organisms, 12(2), 91-96.
Newton, J. C., Wolfe, L. G., Grizzle, J. M., & Plumb, J. A. (1989). Pathology of experimental enteric septicaemia in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (rafinesque), following immersion‐exposure to Edwardsiella ictaluri. Journal of Fish Diseases, 12(4), 335-347.
Nguyen, H. T., Kuo, T. Y., Hung, L. T., Loc, T. H., Chen, S. C., Evensen, Ø., & Schuurman, H. J. (2009). Combined immersion and oral vaccination of Vietnamese catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) confers protection against mortality caused by Edwardsiella ictaluri. Fish & shellfish immunology, 27(6), 773-776.
Nguyen, Q. T., Tu, T. D., & Ferguson, H. W. (2004). Histopathological study of striped catifish (Pangasianodon hypophthamus) liver disease. Can Tho University Journal of Science, 120-125.
Nguyen, T. N. H, & Dang, T. H. O. (2020). Pathological characteristics of the Edwardsiella ictaluri bacteria causing bacillary necrosis disease in striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.). Can Tho University Journal of Science, 1, 52-63.
Nguyen, T. P., & Dang, T. H. O. (2010). Striped catfish aquaculture in Vietnam: a decade of unprecedented development. Success stories in Asian aquaculture, 131-147.
Phan L. T., Bui T. M., Nguyen T. T. T., Gooley G. J., Ingram B. A., Nguyen H. V., Nguyen P. T., & De Silva, S. S. (2009). Current status of farming practices of striped catifish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Aquaculture, 296(3-4), 227-236.
Plumb, J. A., Larry, A., & Hanson, L. A. (2011). Health Maintenance and Principal Microbial Diseases of Cultured Fishes, 3th edition. Blackwell Publishing Ltd., Iowa, p. 492.
Reed, L. J., & Muench, H. (1938). A simple method of estimating fifty per cent endpoints. American journal of epidemiology, 27(3), 493-497.
Song, X., Zhao, J., Bo, J., Liu, Z., Wu, K., & Gong, C., (2014). Aeromonas hydrophila induces intestinal inflammation in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): An experimental model. Aquaculture, 434, 171-178.
Ta, C. T., Truong, Q. P., & Dang, T. H. O. (2020). Effect of salinities on the susceptibility of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) to Edwardsiella ictaluri. Can Tho University Journal of Science, (1), 45-51.
Tok, N. C., Jain, K. K., Prabu, D. L., Sahu, N. P., Munilkumar, S., Pal, A. K., Muddalingaiah, S. G., & Kumar, P., (2017). Metabolic and digestive enzyme activity of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878) fingerlings in response to alternate feeding of different protein levels in the diet. Aquaculture Research, 48(6), 2895-2911.
Tran, H. T., Vu, T. T., H., Bui, T. T. T., Le, V. H., Tran, T. T., & Nguyen, Q. B. (2014). A comparison of invasive capabilities between Edwardsiella ictaluri and Aeromonas hydrophila on Pangasius hypophthalmus. Journal of biology, 36, 1-7.
Tran, T. P. D, Nguyen, V. S., Vo, H. P., Tran, H. P., Huynh, T. T. Q., & Nguyen, H. T. (2021). Evaluation of the immune responses against enteric septicemia and determination of immune markers for selective breeding of pangasius families (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). Vietnam Journal of Science, Technology and Engineering, 64(5).
Tran, T. T. H, Boerlage, A. S., Tran, T. M. D., Dang, T. M. T., Nguyen, T. T. H., Humphry, R. W., & Nguyen, T. P. (2021). Nursing stages of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) in Vietnam: Pathogens, diseases and husbandry practices. Aquaculture, 533, 736-114.
Tu, T. D., 2010. Edwardsiella ictaluri in Pangasianodon catfish: antimicrobial resistance and the early interactions with its host. Doctoral dissertation, Ghent University.
Ye, S., Li, H., Qiao, G., & Li, Z. (2009). First case of Edwardsiella ictaluri infection in China farmed yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. Aquaculture, 292(1-2), 6-10.
Bui T. B. H., & Tran, T. T. H. (2021). Effect of dietary Premna serratifolia L. extract supplementation interval on immune response and disease resistance of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). Can Tho University Journal of Science, 57, 169-180.
Carraschi, S. P., Cruz, C., Neto, J. G. M., Moraes, F. R., Rossi Júnior, O. D., Nader Neto, A., & Bortoluzzi, N. L., (2012). Evaluation of experimental infection with Aeromonas hydrophila in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) (Holmberg, 1887). International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture, 4, 81-84.
Crumlish M., Tu D. T., Turnbull J. F., Nguyen N. T. N., & Ferguson H. W. (2002). Identification of Edwardsiella ictaluri from diseased freshwater catfish, Pangasius hypophthalmus (Sauvage), cultured in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Journal of Fish Diseases, 25(12), 733-736.
Crumlish, M., Thanh, P. C., Koesling, J., Tung, V. T., & Gravningen, K. (2010). Experimental challenge studies in Vietnamese catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage), exposed to Edwardsiella ictaluri and Aeromonas hydrophila. Journal of fish diseases, 33(9), 717-722.
Dang, T. H. O., Jung, T. S., Huynh, K. N., & Nguyen, H. N. U. (2014). Determination of the possibility to produce antibody of stripped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) infected by anttenuated Edwardsiella ictaluri bacteria. Can Tho University Journal of Science, 34, 70-76.
Dang, T. H. O., & Nguyen, T. P. (2009). The virulence of Edwardsiella ictaluri isolated from catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) with pyogenic liver disease. Science and Techonology Journal of Agriculture & Rural Development, 12, 64-70.
Dias, M. K., Sampaio, L. S., Proietti-Junior, A. A., Yoshioka, E. T., Rodrigues, D. P., Rodriguez, A. F., ... Tavares-Dias, M. (2016). Lethal dose and clinical signs of Aeromonas hydrophila in Arapaima gigas (Arapaimidae), the giant fish from Amazon. Veterinary Microbiology, 188, 12-15.
Ferguson, H.W., Turnbull, J.F., Shinn, A., Thompson, K., Dung, T. T., & Crumlish, M. (2001). Bacillary nercrosis in farmed Pangasius hypophthalamus (Sauvage) from the Mekong Delta, Viet Nam. Journal of Fish Diseases, 24(9), 509-513.
Finney, D. J. (1971). Statistical logic in the monitoring of reactions to therapeutic drugs. Methods of information in medicine, 10(4), 237-245.
Labrie, L., Ng, J., Tan, Z., Komar ,C., Ho, E., Grisez, L. (2008). No - cardial infections in fish:an emerging problem in both freshwater and marine aquaculture systems in Asia. In: Bondad-Reantaso MG, Mohan CV, Crumlish M, Subasinghe RP (eds) Diseases in Asian aquaculture VI. Fish Health Section, Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, 297-312
Le, H. P. (2013). Summary report on scientific and technological results of the project "Improving the efficiency of using inactivated vaccines through protein heat shock". Research Institute for Aquaculture No.2.
Luu, T. P. K., Truong, V., Luong, T. L. T., Nguyen, X. T., & Tran, T. P. D. (2022). Use of dietary garlic (Allium sativum L.) and Vietnamese balm (Elsholtzia ciliata) extract for prevention of Bacillary Necrosis in Pangasius (BNP) in striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). Academia Journal of Biology, 44(4), 65-76.
Luu, T. P. K., Nguyen, H. G., & Tran, T. P. D. (2022). Histopathological characteristics of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) in challenge with Edwardsiella ictaluri. Can Tho University Journal of Science, 14(CBA), 7-16.
Ly, T. T. L., Vo, H. P., Le, H. T., Ma, T. L., Nguyen, D. T., & Doan, V. C. (2009). Preliminary report on the topic "Research on white gill disease, white liver disease in striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and prevention measures.
Murray, C. B., Evelyn, T. P. T., Beacham, T. D., Barner, L. W., Ketcheson, J. E., & Prosperi-Porta, L. (1992). Experimental induction of bacterial kidney disease in chinook salmon by immersion and cohabitation challenges. Diseases of aquatic organisms, 12(2), 91-96.
Newton, J. C., Wolfe, L. G., Grizzle, J. M., & Plumb, J. A. (1989). Pathology of experimental enteric septicaemia in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (rafinesque), following immersion‐exposure to Edwardsiella ictaluri. Journal of Fish Diseases, 12(4), 335-347.
Nguyen, H. T., Kuo, T. Y., Hung, L. T., Loc, T. H., Chen, S. C., Evensen, Ø., & Schuurman, H. J. (2009). Combined immersion and oral vaccination of Vietnamese catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) confers protection against mortality caused by Edwardsiella ictaluri. Fish & shellfish immunology, 27(6), 773-776.
Nguyen, Q. T., Tu, T. D., & Ferguson, H. W. (2004). Histopathological study of striped catifish (Pangasianodon hypophthamus) liver disease. Can Tho University Journal of Science, 120-125.
Nguyen, T. N. H, & Dang, T. H. O. (2020). Pathological characteristics of the Edwardsiella ictaluri bacteria causing bacillary necrosis disease in striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.). Can Tho University Journal of Science, 1, 52-63.
Nguyen, T. P., & Dang, T. H. O. (2010). Striped catfish aquaculture in Vietnam: a decade of unprecedented development. Success stories in Asian aquaculture, 131-147.
Phan L. T., Bui T. M., Nguyen T. T. T., Gooley G. J., Ingram B. A., Nguyen H. V., Nguyen P. T., & De Silva, S. S. (2009). Current status of farming practices of striped catifish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Aquaculture, 296(3-4), 227-236.
Plumb, J. A., Larry, A., & Hanson, L. A. (2011). Health Maintenance and Principal Microbial Diseases of Cultured Fishes, 3th edition. Blackwell Publishing Ltd., Iowa, p. 492.
Reed, L. J., & Muench, H. (1938). A simple method of estimating fifty per cent endpoints. American journal of epidemiology, 27(3), 493-497.
Song, X., Zhao, J., Bo, J., Liu, Z., Wu, K., & Gong, C., (2014). Aeromonas hydrophila induces intestinal inflammation in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): An experimental model. Aquaculture, 434, 171-178.
Ta, C. T., Truong, Q. P., & Dang, T. H. O. (2020). Effect of salinities on the susceptibility of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) to Edwardsiella ictaluri. Can Tho University Journal of Science, (1), 45-51.
Tok, N. C., Jain, K. K., Prabu, D. L., Sahu, N. P., Munilkumar, S., Pal, A. K., Muddalingaiah, S. G., & Kumar, P., (2017). Metabolic and digestive enzyme activity of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878) fingerlings in response to alternate feeding of different protein levels in the diet. Aquaculture Research, 48(6), 2895-2911.
Tran, H. T., Vu, T. T., H., Bui, T. T. T., Le, V. H., Tran, T. T., & Nguyen, Q. B. (2014). A comparison of invasive capabilities between Edwardsiella ictaluri and Aeromonas hydrophila on Pangasius hypophthalmus. Journal of biology, 36, 1-7.
Tran, T. P. D, Nguyen, V. S., Vo, H. P., Tran, H. P., Huynh, T. T. Q., & Nguyen, H. T. (2021). Evaluation of the immune responses against enteric septicemia and determination of immune markers for selective breeding of pangasius families (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). Vietnam Journal of Science, Technology and Engineering, 64(5).
Tran, T. T. H, Boerlage, A. S., Tran, T. M. D., Dang, T. M. T., Nguyen, T. T. H., Humphry, R. W., & Nguyen, T. P. (2021). Nursing stages of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) in Vietnam: Pathogens, diseases and husbandry practices. Aquaculture, 533, 736-114.
Tu, T. D., 2010. Edwardsiella ictaluri in Pangasianodon catfish: antimicrobial resistance and the early interactions with its host. Doctoral dissertation, Ghent University.
Ye, S., Li, H., Qiao, G., & Li, Z. (2009). First case of Edwardsiella ictaluri infection in China farmed yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. Aquaculture, 292(1-2), 6-10.