MENTAL HEALTH OF THE ADOLESCENTS IN HO CHI MINH CITY: RISK SCREENING AND SOLUTIONS
Main Article Content
Abstract
In Vietnam, the mental health care of adolescents is a concern in the field of psychology. This study was carried out with an aim of screening risks and proposing solutions for the mental health care of adolescents in Ho Chi Minh City. This is a cross-sectional study based on a Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) questionnaire which used a convenient sampling method on 6,575 adolescents aged 12 to 16 in Ho Chi Minh City. The results showed that severe and extremely severe anxiety accounted for 21,13%, depression for 10%, and stress for 11,7%. Main reasons were study and exam stress; feeling confused about the changes of physical and psychological in the puberty period without teachers and parents’ support; not orientated to occupations and choosing groups of subjects in high school suitably. Based on the findings, the paper proposes solutions from the perspective of school counseling for adolescents to identify and find support from school-based resources.
Keywords
adolescents, mental health, mental health care, screening, school counseling
Article Details
References
Cao, V. H. (2010). Nghien cuu roi loan tram cam o tre vi thanh nien đieu tri tai Benh vien nhi Trung uong [Research on depressive disorders in adolescents treated at the National Children's Hospital]. Doctoral thesis, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi.
Cicchetti, D., & Toth, S. T. (1998). The development of depression in children and adolescents. American Psychologist, 53(2), 221.
Dam, T. B. H., Nguyen, V. T., & Tran, T. (2013). Nghien cuu nhu cau cham soc suc khoe tam than cho hoc sinh thanh pho Thai Nguyen [Research on mental health care needs for students in Thai Nguyen city]. Journal of Practical Medicine, 876, 8-11.
Gampetro, P., Wojciechowski, E. A., & Amer, K. S. (2012). Life Concerns and Perceptions of Care in Adolescents with Mental Health Care Needs: A Qualitative Study in a School–Based Health Clinic. Pediatric Nursing, 38(1).
Giang, T. V. (2022). 13% hoc sinh Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh tram cam vi bai vo: “Chung nao chung em moi co ngay cuoi tuan ra hon?” [13% of HCMC students are depressed because of their homework: “When will we have a good weekend?”]. Retrivied from https://tuoitre.vn/13-hoc-sinh-tp-hcm-tram-cam-vi-bai-vo-chung-nao-chung-em-moi-co-ngay-cuoi-tuan-ra-hon-20221228191302605.htm
Giang, T. V., Huynh, V. S., Sam, V. L. & Le, N. K. (2023). Phan tich dac diem tam li cua hanh vi toan tu sat o vi thanh nien: nghien cuu mot so truong hoc tai khu vuc thanh pho Ho Chi Minh [An analysis of the characteristics of adolescents’ suicide attempt: A case study in Ho Chi Minh City]. Ho Chi Minh City University of Education Journal of Science, 20(4), 579-590.
Huynh, V. S. (Ed), Mai, M. H., Nguyen, T. M. H., Nguyen, T. H., Lam, T. K. L.,... Giang, T. V. (2020). Giao duc ki nang mem va tu van tam li cho hoc sinh trung hoc [Soft skills education and school counseling for high school students]. Vietnam Education Publishing House.
Knopf, D., Park, M. J., & Paul Mulye, T. (2008). The Mental Health of Adolescents: A National Profile, 2008. San Francisco, CA: National Adolescents Health Information Center.
Le, N. K. (2022). Hanh vi toan tu sat (Suicide attempt) cua hoc sinh trung hoc pho thong dia ban Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh [Suicide attempt of high school students in Ho Chi Minh City], Master thesis. Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, Vietnam.
Le, T. P. N. (2021). Ung pho voi stress cua hoc sinh trung hoc pho thong co kieu nhan cach khac nhau [Coping with stress among high school students with different personality types], Doctoral thesis, Hanoi University of Education.
Mai, M. H. (2022). Phan tich cam xuc cua vi thanh nien o do thi phia Nam, Viet Nam khi thuc hien hanh vi tu huy hoai ban than [Exploring the emotions of adolescents in the Southern urban areas of Vietnam on performing self-destructive behavior]. Ho Chi Minh City University of Education Journal of Science, 19(9), 1571-1582.
Mason-Jones, A. J., Crisp, C., Momberg, M., Koech, J., De Koker, P., & Mathews, C. (2012). A systematic review of the role of school-based healthcare in adolescent sexual, reproductive, and mental health. Systematic reviews, 1, 1-13.
Nguyen, M. D., & Le, M. C. (2014). Kho khan tam li cua hoc sinh trung hoc co so va trung hoc pho thong o Dong Nai [Psychological difficulties of middle and high school students in Dong Nai]. Proceedings of the 4th seminar on school psychology counseling (pp.493-502).
Nguyen, T. H. P., & Dinh, X. L. (2019). Thuc trang muc do cang thang trong hoc tap cua hoc sinh lop 12 tren dia ban thanh pho Da Nang [Situation of academic stress of 12th grade students in Da Nang city]. Educational Journal, 2, 121-127.
Nguyen, T. M. H., & Nguyen, T. T. (2009). Nhu cau duoc tro giup tam li hoc duong cua hoc sinh cuoi trung hoc co so va trung hoc pho thong thanh pho Nam Dinh [Need for school psychology support of students at the end of middle school and high school in Nam Dinh city]. Proceedings of the 1st International Scientific and Psychology Conference – Needs, orientation and training of School Psychology in Vietnam Institute of Psychology, (pp.137-142).
Nguyen, T. T., & Ly, M. T. (2018). Giao trinh Tam li hoc lua tuoi va su pham [Age and Pedagogical Psychology]. Ho Chi Minh City University of Education Publishing House.
Pham, T. (2023). Thuc trang stress o hoc sinh hien nay va cach giai quyet [Current Situation of Student Stress and How to Solve it]. Retrievied from https://tamly.com.vn/thuc-trang-stress-o-hoc-sinh-2707.html?fbclid=IwAR3Bh4ajT4Ez_fUHEZiwFvfC9mzN_m2cKAhi_E6NsCEle9osynKl0kdb24
Sankar, R., Wani, A., & Indumathi, R. (2017). Mental Health among Adolescents. International Journal of Indian Psychology, 4(3).
Tran, T. H. (2012). Thuc trang tram cam va lo au cua hoc sinh trung hoc co so thanh pho Long Xuyen, tinh An Giang [Situation of depression and anxiety among junior high school students in Long Xuyen city, An Giang province]. Proceedings of the 3rd International Scientific Conference on School Psychology – Developing models and operational skills of School Psychology. Ho Chi Minh City University of Education Publishing House (pp.36-42).
Tran, T. L. T., Nguyen, T. P., & Giang, T. N. H. (2018). Tong quan nhung van de suc khoe tam li cua hoc sinh trung hoc co so - trung hoc pho thong qua cac nghien cuu giai doan 2007- 2017 [Overview of psychological health problems of middle school - high school students through studies in the period 2007-2017]. Vietnam Journal of Psychology, 8(233), 8.
Tran, T. N., & Hoang, T. T. H. (2016). Lo au hoc duong va chien luoc ung pho voi lo au o hoc sinh lop 9 [School anxiety and anxiety coping strategies in 9th graders]. Proceedings of the 5th International Scientific Conference on School Psychology - Developing School Psychology in the World and in Vietnam. University of Education - University of Danang, 440-454.
Tran, V. C., Nguyen, T. H. P., & Tran, T. N. (2019). Thuc trang kho khan tam li cua hoc sinh va nhu cau su dung ung dung tu van tam li trong truong hoc [The reality of students' psychological difficulties and the need to use psychological counseling applications in schools]. Vietnam Science and Technology Journal, 61(10).
Truong, T. K. H. (2016). Giao trinh Tam li hoc phat trien [Developmental Psychology]. Ho Chi Minh City University of Education Publishing House.
UNICEF. (2018). Bao cao tom tat Suc khoe tam than va tam li xa hoi cua tre em va thanh nien tai mot so tinh va thanh pho o Viet Nam [Summary Report on Mental and psychosocial health of children and young people in some provinces and cities in Vietnam]. Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/vietnam/
UNICEF. (2021). Bao cao tom tat Tinh hinh tre em the gioi 2021 [Summary Report on the State of the World's Children 2021]. Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/vietnam/
UNICEF. (2022). Ban tom tat Nghien cuu toan dien ve cac yeu to lien quan den truong hoc anh huong den suc khoe tam than va su phat trien toan dien cua tre em nam va nu vi thanh nien tai Viet Nam [Summary of a comprehensive study on school-related factors affecting the mental health and holistic development of adolescent boys and girls in Vietnam]. Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/vietnam/
Van Khanh (2019). Vi thanh nien va nhung thay doi dau doi. Retrieved from https://stttt.bacgiang.gov.vn/chi-tiet-tin-tuc/-/asset_publisher/RcQOwn9w7wOJ/content/vi-thanh-nien-va-nhung-thay-oi-au-oi
Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences. (2022). 1/5 so tre vi thanh nien Viet Nam co van de ve suc khoe tam than [1/5 of Vietnamese teenagers have mental health problems]. Retrieved from https://vass.gov.vn/
Quan, T., He, T., Kang, S., Voorhees, J. J., & Fisher, G. J. (2004). Solar ultraviolet irradiation reduces collagen in photoaged human skin by blocking transforming growth factor-beta type II receptor/Smad signaling. Am J Pathol, 165(3), 741-751.
Slominski, A. T., Zmijewski, M. A., Skobowiat, C., Zbytek, B., Slominski, R. M., & Steketee, J. D. (2012). Sensing the environment: regulation of local and global homeostasis by the skin's neuroendocrine system. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol, 212, v, vii, 1-115.
University of Virginia Library - Research Data Services + Sciences. Fitting and Interpreting a Proportional Odds Model. Retrieved from https://data.library.virginia.edu/fitting-and-interpreting-a-proportional-odds-model/
Wang, L., Zhang, X., Li, Y. X., Xu, L. Q., Li, C. L., Zhang, Z. B., . . . Li, Y. C. (2016). Aqueous Extract of Clerodendranthus spicatus Exerts Protective Effect on UV-Induced Photoaged Mice Skin. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2016, 9623957. doi:10.1155/2016/9623957
Cicchetti, D., & Toth, S. T. (1998). The development of depression in children and adolescents. American Psychologist, 53(2), 221.
Dam, T. B. H., Nguyen, V. T., & Tran, T. (2013). Nghien cuu nhu cau cham soc suc khoe tam than cho hoc sinh thanh pho Thai Nguyen [Research on mental health care needs for students in Thai Nguyen city]. Journal of Practical Medicine, 876, 8-11.
Gampetro, P., Wojciechowski, E. A., & Amer, K. S. (2012). Life Concerns and Perceptions of Care in Adolescents with Mental Health Care Needs: A Qualitative Study in a School–Based Health Clinic. Pediatric Nursing, 38(1).
Giang, T. V. (2022). 13% hoc sinh Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh tram cam vi bai vo: “Chung nao chung em moi co ngay cuoi tuan ra hon?” [13% of HCMC students are depressed because of their homework: “When will we have a good weekend?”]. Retrivied from https://tuoitre.vn/13-hoc-sinh-tp-hcm-tram-cam-vi-bai-vo-chung-nao-chung-em-moi-co-ngay-cuoi-tuan-ra-hon-20221228191302605.htm
Giang, T. V., Huynh, V. S., Sam, V. L. & Le, N. K. (2023). Phan tich dac diem tam li cua hanh vi toan tu sat o vi thanh nien: nghien cuu mot so truong hoc tai khu vuc thanh pho Ho Chi Minh [An analysis of the characteristics of adolescents’ suicide attempt: A case study in Ho Chi Minh City]. Ho Chi Minh City University of Education Journal of Science, 20(4), 579-590.
Huynh, V. S. (Ed), Mai, M. H., Nguyen, T. M. H., Nguyen, T. H., Lam, T. K. L.,... Giang, T. V. (2020). Giao duc ki nang mem va tu van tam li cho hoc sinh trung hoc [Soft skills education and school counseling for high school students]. Vietnam Education Publishing House.
Knopf, D., Park, M. J., & Paul Mulye, T. (2008). The Mental Health of Adolescents: A National Profile, 2008. San Francisco, CA: National Adolescents Health Information Center.
Le, N. K. (2022). Hanh vi toan tu sat (Suicide attempt) cua hoc sinh trung hoc pho thong dia ban Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh [Suicide attempt of high school students in Ho Chi Minh City], Master thesis. Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, Vietnam.
Le, T. P. N. (2021). Ung pho voi stress cua hoc sinh trung hoc pho thong co kieu nhan cach khac nhau [Coping with stress among high school students with different personality types], Doctoral thesis, Hanoi University of Education.
Mai, M. H. (2022). Phan tich cam xuc cua vi thanh nien o do thi phia Nam, Viet Nam khi thuc hien hanh vi tu huy hoai ban than [Exploring the emotions of adolescents in the Southern urban areas of Vietnam on performing self-destructive behavior]. Ho Chi Minh City University of Education Journal of Science, 19(9), 1571-1582.
Mason-Jones, A. J., Crisp, C., Momberg, M., Koech, J., De Koker, P., & Mathews, C. (2012). A systematic review of the role of school-based healthcare in adolescent sexual, reproductive, and mental health. Systematic reviews, 1, 1-13.
Nguyen, M. D., & Le, M. C. (2014). Kho khan tam li cua hoc sinh trung hoc co so va trung hoc pho thong o Dong Nai [Psychological difficulties of middle and high school students in Dong Nai]. Proceedings of the 4th seminar on school psychology counseling (pp.493-502).
Nguyen, T. H. P., & Dinh, X. L. (2019). Thuc trang muc do cang thang trong hoc tap cua hoc sinh lop 12 tren dia ban thanh pho Da Nang [Situation of academic stress of 12th grade students in Da Nang city]. Educational Journal, 2, 121-127.
Nguyen, T. M. H., & Nguyen, T. T. (2009). Nhu cau duoc tro giup tam li hoc duong cua hoc sinh cuoi trung hoc co so va trung hoc pho thong thanh pho Nam Dinh [Need for school psychology support of students at the end of middle school and high school in Nam Dinh city]. Proceedings of the 1st International Scientific and Psychology Conference – Needs, orientation and training of School Psychology in Vietnam Institute of Psychology, (pp.137-142).
Nguyen, T. T., & Ly, M. T. (2018). Giao trinh Tam li hoc lua tuoi va su pham [Age and Pedagogical Psychology]. Ho Chi Minh City University of Education Publishing House.
Pham, T. (2023). Thuc trang stress o hoc sinh hien nay va cach giai quyet [Current Situation of Student Stress and How to Solve it]. Retrievied from https://tamly.com.vn/thuc-trang-stress-o-hoc-sinh-2707.html?fbclid=IwAR3Bh4ajT4Ez_fUHEZiwFvfC9mzN_m2cKAhi_E6NsCEle9osynKl0kdb24
Sankar, R., Wani, A., & Indumathi, R. (2017). Mental Health among Adolescents. International Journal of Indian Psychology, 4(3).
Tran, T. H. (2012). Thuc trang tram cam va lo au cua hoc sinh trung hoc co so thanh pho Long Xuyen, tinh An Giang [Situation of depression and anxiety among junior high school students in Long Xuyen city, An Giang province]. Proceedings of the 3rd International Scientific Conference on School Psychology – Developing models and operational skills of School Psychology. Ho Chi Minh City University of Education Publishing House (pp.36-42).
Tran, T. L. T., Nguyen, T. P., & Giang, T. N. H. (2018). Tong quan nhung van de suc khoe tam li cua hoc sinh trung hoc co so - trung hoc pho thong qua cac nghien cuu giai doan 2007- 2017 [Overview of psychological health problems of middle school - high school students through studies in the period 2007-2017]. Vietnam Journal of Psychology, 8(233), 8.
Tran, T. N., & Hoang, T. T. H. (2016). Lo au hoc duong va chien luoc ung pho voi lo au o hoc sinh lop 9 [School anxiety and anxiety coping strategies in 9th graders]. Proceedings of the 5th International Scientific Conference on School Psychology - Developing School Psychology in the World and in Vietnam. University of Education - University of Danang, 440-454.
Tran, V. C., Nguyen, T. H. P., & Tran, T. N. (2019). Thuc trang kho khan tam li cua hoc sinh va nhu cau su dung ung dung tu van tam li trong truong hoc [The reality of students' psychological difficulties and the need to use psychological counseling applications in schools]. Vietnam Science and Technology Journal, 61(10).
Truong, T. K. H. (2016). Giao trinh Tam li hoc phat trien [Developmental Psychology]. Ho Chi Minh City University of Education Publishing House.
UNICEF. (2018). Bao cao tom tat Suc khoe tam than va tam li xa hoi cua tre em va thanh nien tai mot so tinh va thanh pho o Viet Nam [Summary Report on Mental and psychosocial health of children and young people in some provinces and cities in Vietnam]. Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/vietnam/
UNICEF. (2021). Bao cao tom tat Tinh hinh tre em the gioi 2021 [Summary Report on the State of the World's Children 2021]. Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/vietnam/
UNICEF. (2022). Ban tom tat Nghien cuu toan dien ve cac yeu to lien quan den truong hoc anh huong den suc khoe tam than va su phat trien toan dien cua tre em nam va nu vi thanh nien tai Viet Nam [Summary of a comprehensive study on school-related factors affecting the mental health and holistic development of adolescent boys and girls in Vietnam]. Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/vietnam/
Van Khanh (2019). Vi thanh nien va nhung thay doi dau doi. Retrieved from https://stttt.bacgiang.gov.vn/chi-tiet-tin-tuc/-/asset_publisher/RcQOwn9w7wOJ/content/vi-thanh-nien-va-nhung-thay-oi-au-oi
Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences. (2022). 1/5 so tre vi thanh nien Viet Nam co van de ve suc khoe tam than [1/5 of Vietnamese teenagers have mental health problems]. Retrieved from https://vass.gov.vn/
Quan, T., He, T., Kang, S., Voorhees, J. J., & Fisher, G. J. (2004). Solar ultraviolet irradiation reduces collagen in photoaged human skin by blocking transforming growth factor-beta type II receptor/Smad signaling. Am J Pathol, 165(3), 741-751.
Slominski, A. T., Zmijewski, M. A., Skobowiat, C., Zbytek, B., Slominski, R. M., & Steketee, J. D. (2012). Sensing the environment: regulation of local and global homeostasis by the skin's neuroendocrine system. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol, 212, v, vii, 1-115.
University of Virginia Library - Research Data Services + Sciences. Fitting and Interpreting a Proportional Odds Model. Retrieved from https://data.library.virginia.edu/fitting-and-interpreting-a-proportional-odds-model/
Wang, L., Zhang, X., Li, Y. X., Xu, L. Q., Li, C. L., Zhang, Z. B., . . . Li, Y. C. (2016). Aqueous Extract of Clerodendranthus spicatus Exerts Protective Effect on UV-Induced Photoaged Mice Skin. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2016, 9623957. doi:10.1155/2016/9623957