EFFECTS OF LY SON GARLIC JUICE ON SOME HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND STRUCTURE OF LIVER, KIDNEY, AND SPLEEN IN ALBINO MICE INFECTED WITH LEAD POISONING
Main Article Content
Abstract
Garlic, renowned as a medicinal herb, possesses the capability to diminish the impact of lead, which is a hazardous heavy metal, on both health and the structure of organs. The main aim of this study was to assess the protective effects of Ly Son garlic juice against lead toxicity in mice by evaluating hematological and structural parameters of their liver, kidney, and spleen. Forty eight male mice were randomly divided into five groups: control (DC), lead (Pb), nitrate (N), garlic (T500), and lead combined with Ly Son garlic juice at a dose of 250 mg/kg/bw (PbT250) and 500 mg/kg/bw (PbT500), for eight weeks. The results showed that Ly Son garlic juice (250 mg/kg body weight) initially maintained stable hematological parameters (red blood cells, platelets, and hematocrit) and histological structure of liver and kidney under the influence of lead. However, this effect has not been demonstrated in the white blood cell count, hemoglobin level, and histological structure of the spleen. To conduct a comprehensive assessment of the protective efficacy of Ly Son garlic juice against lead toxicity, it is essential for the study to include biochemical evaluations of mouse blood and extend the duration of the study.
Keywords
garlic juice, lead toxicity, Ly Son garlic, mouse blood cells
Article Details
References
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Alwaleedi, S. A. (2016). Hematobiochemical changes induced by lead intoxication in male and female albinomice. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 6(1), 46. doi: 10.5455/njppp.2015.5.0910201578
Amagase, H. (2006). Clarifying the real bioactive constituents of garlic. J Nutr, 136(3 Suppl), 716S-725S. doi: 10.1093/jn/136.3.716S
Andjelkovic, M., Buha Djordjevic, A., Antonijevic, E., Antonijevic, B., Stanic, M., Kotur-Stevuljevic, J., . . . Wallace, D. (2019). Toxic effect of acute cadmium and lead exposure in rat blood, liver, and kidney. International journal of environmental research public health, 16(2), 274. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16020274
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Chan, K.-c., Yin, M.-c., & Chao, W.-j. (2007). Effect of diallyl trisulfide-rich garlic oil on blood coagulation and plasma activity of anticoagulation factors in rats. Food chemical toxicology, 45(3), 502-507. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2006.10.005
Chung, L. Y. (2006). The antioxidant properties of garlic compounds: allyl cysteine, alliin, allicin, and allyl disulfide. Journal of medicinal food, 9(2), 205-213. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2006.9.205
Collin, M. S., kumar Venkataraman, S., Vijayakumar, N., Kanimozhi, V., Arbaaz, S. M., Stacey, R. S., . . . Tovar, G. I. (2022). Bioaccumulation of lead (Pb) and its effects on human: A review. Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances, 100094. doi: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2022.100094
Flora, S. J., Mehta, A., & Gupta, R. (2009). Prevention of arsenic-induced hepatic apoptosis by concomitant administration of garlic extracts in mice. Chem Biol Interact, 177(3), 227-233. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.08.017
Gurer-Orhan, H., Sabır, H. U., & Özgüneş, H. (2004). Correlation between clinical indicators of lead poisoning and oxidative stress parameters in controls and lead-exposed workers. Toxicology, 195(2-3), 147-154. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2003.09.009
Haridy, M., Al-Amgad, Z., Sakai, H., & Mohi-Eldin, M. J. C. C. P. (2014). Ameliorating effects of garlic, calcium, and vitamin C on chronic lead toxicity in albino rats. 23(5), 1215-1223.
Klaassen, C. D. (2019). Casarett and Doull's toxicology: the basic science of poisons: New York (NY): McGraw-Hill.
Manoj Kumar, V., Henley, A. K., Nelson, C. J., Indumati, O., Prabhakara Rao, Y., Rajanna, S., & Rajanna, B. (2017). Protective effect of Allium sativum (garlic) aqueous extract against lead-induced oxidative stress in the rat brain, liver, and kidney. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 24(2), 1544-1552. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-7923-3
Mugahi, M. N., Heidari, Z., Sagheb, H. M., & Barbarestani, M. (2003). Effects of chronic lead acetate intoxication on blood indices of male adult rat. DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 11(4), 147-141.
Mumtaz, S., Ali, S., Khan, R., Shakir, H. A., Tahir, H. M., Mumtaz, S., & Andleeb, S. (2020). Therapeutic role of garlic and vitamins C and E against toxicity induced by lead on various organs. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 27(9), 8953-8964. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-07654-2
Nguyen, T. T. ., & Vo, V. T. (2019). Thuc hanh sinh li hoc nguoi va dong vat [Laboratory practice human and animal physiology]. HCMC University of Education Publisher.
Nguyen, T. T. H. (2020). Danh gia tac dung khang doc tinh asen cua toi va sori len mot so chi tieu sinh li chuot nhat trang duc (Mus musculus var. albino) [Evaluating protective role of garlic and wild crapemyrtle on arsenic toxicity on some Physiological parameters of male albino mouse (Mus musculus var. albino)]. Ho Chi Minh City University of Education. (Code number: CS.2018.19.38)
Offor, S. J., Mbagwu, H. O., & Orisakwe, O. E. (2017). Lead induced hepato-renal damage in male albino rats and effects of activated charcoal. Frontiers in pharmacology, 8, 107.
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00107
Omotoso, B. R., Abiodun, A. A., Ijomone, O. M., & Adewole, S. O. (2015). Lead-induced damage on hepatocytes and hepatic reticular fibres in rats; protective role of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves (lam). Journal of Biosciences Medicines 3(05), 27.
doi: 10.4236/jbm.2015.35004
Patrick, L. (2006). Lead toxicity, a review of the literature. Part I: Exposure, Evaluation, and treatment. Alternative medicine review.
Pourjafar, M., Aghbolaghi, P. A., & Shakhse-Niaie, M. (2007). Effect of garlic along with lead acetate administration on lead burden of some tissues in mice. Pak J Biol Sci, 10(16),
2772-2774. doi: 10.3923/pjbs.2007.2772.2774
Senapati, S., Dey, S., Dwivedi, S., & Swarup, D. (2001). Effect of garlic (Allium sativum L.) extract on tissue lead level in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 76(3), 229-232.
doi: 10.1016/s0378-8741(01)00237-9
Sharma, A., Sharma, V., & Kansal, L. (2010). Amelioration of lead-induced hepatotoxicity by Allium sativum extracts in Swiss albino mice. Libyan J Med, 5. doi: 10.4176/091107
Sheo, H. J., & Seo, Y. S. (2005). A study on the antidotal effects of dietary garlic juice on lead poisoning rats. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science Nutrition, 34(3), 342-350.
doi: 10.3746/jkfn.2005.34.3.342
Srivastava, S., & Pathak, P. (2012). Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum) Extract in Pattern Of Differential Count Of WBC In Female Albino Rats. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review Research, 13(2), 83-86.
Tang, Z., Sheng, Z., Liu, S., Jian, X., Sun, K., & Yan, M. (1997). The preventing function of garlic on experimental oral precancer and its effect on natural killer cells, T-lymphocytes and interleukin-2. Bulletin of Hunan Medical University, 22(3), 246-248.
Tikare, S. N., Saeed, Y., Amrita, D., Salim, A., & Kusal, K. (2012). Effect of garlic (allium sativum) on hematology and erythrocyte antioxidant defense system of albino rats exposed to heavy metals (nickel II & chromium VI). J Physiol Pharmacol, 56(2), 137-146.
Türkay, M., Türker, H., & Güven, T. (2015). Ultrastructural effects of lead acetate on the spleen of rats. Turkish Journal of Biology, 39(3), 511-516. doi: 10.3906/biy-1404-48
Yagminas, A., Franklin, C., Villeneuve, D., Gilman, A., Little, P., & Valli, V. (1990). Subchronic oral toxicity of triethyl lead in the male weanling rat. Clinical, biochemical, hematological, and histopathological effects. Toxicological Sciences, 15(3), 580-596. doi: 10.1016/0272-0590(90)90043-j
Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseease Registry. (2019). Toxicological Profile for Lead (Draft for Public Comment): US Department of Health and Human Services. (https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/spl/index.html#2019spl)
Al-Brakati, A. (2020). Protective effect of aged garlic extracts against hepatotoxicity induced by ethephon in Wistar albino rat. Environmental Science Pollution Research, 27(6), 6139-6147. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-07148-w
Al-Snafi, A. E. (2013). Pharmacological effects of Allium species grown in Iraq. An overview. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and health care Research, 1(4), 132-147.
Alwaleedi, S. A. (2016). Hematobiochemical changes induced by lead intoxication in male and female albinomice. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 6(1), 46. doi: 10.5455/njppp.2015.5.0910201578
Amagase, H. (2006). Clarifying the real bioactive constituents of garlic. J Nutr, 136(3 Suppl), 716S-725S. doi: 10.1093/jn/136.3.716S
Andjelkovic, M., Buha Djordjevic, A., Antonijevic, E., Antonijevic, B., Stanic, M., Kotur-Stevuljevic, J., . . . Wallace, D. (2019). Toxic effect of acute cadmium and lead exposure in rat blood, liver, and kidney. International journal of environmental research public health, 16(2), 274. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16020274
Banerjee, S. K., Mukherjee, P. K., & Maulik, S. K. (2003). Garlic as an antioxidant: the good, the bad and the ugly. Phytother Res, 17(2), 97-106. doi: 10.1002/ptr.1281
Bergdahl, I., & Skerfving, S. (2022). Chapter 19: Lead Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals (5th ed., pp. 427-493): Academic Press.
Chan, K.-c., Yin, M.-c., & Chao, W.-j. (2007). Effect of diallyl trisulfide-rich garlic oil on blood coagulation and plasma activity of anticoagulation factors in rats. Food chemical toxicology, 45(3), 502-507. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2006.10.005
Chung, L. Y. (2006). The antioxidant properties of garlic compounds: allyl cysteine, alliin, allicin, and allyl disulfide. Journal of medicinal food, 9(2), 205-213. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2006.9.205
Collin, M. S., kumar Venkataraman, S., Vijayakumar, N., Kanimozhi, V., Arbaaz, S. M., Stacey, R. S., . . . Tovar, G. I. (2022). Bioaccumulation of lead (Pb) and its effects on human: A review. Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances, 100094. doi: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2022.100094
Flora, S. J., Mehta, A., & Gupta, R. (2009). Prevention of arsenic-induced hepatic apoptosis by concomitant administration of garlic extracts in mice. Chem Biol Interact, 177(3), 227-233. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.08.017
Gurer-Orhan, H., Sabır, H. U., & Özgüneş, H. (2004). Correlation between clinical indicators of lead poisoning and oxidative stress parameters in controls and lead-exposed workers. Toxicology, 195(2-3), 147-154. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2003.09.009
Haridy, M., Al-Amgad, Z., Sakai, H., & Mohi-Eldin, M. J. C. C. P. (2014). Ameliorating effects of garlic, calcium, and vitamin C on chronic lead toxicity in albino rats. 23(5), 1215-1223.
Klaassen, C. D. (2019). Casarett and Doull's toxicology: the basic science of poisons: New York (NY): McGraw-Hill.
Manoj Kumar, V., Henley, A. K., Nelson, C. J., Indumati, O., Prabhakara Rao, Y., Rajanna, S., & Rajanna, B. (2017). Protective effect of Allium sativum (garlic) aqueous extract against lead-induced oxidative stress in the rat brain, liver, and kidney. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 24(2), 1544-1552. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-7923-3
Mugahi, M. N., Heidari, Z., Sagheb, H. M., & Barbarestani, M. (2003). Effects of chronic lead acetate intoxication on blood indices of male adult rat. DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 11(4), 147-141.
Mumtaz, S., Ali, S., Khan, R., Shakir, H. A., Tahir, H. M., Mumtaz, S., & Andleeb, S. (2020). Therapeutic role of garlic and vitamins C and E against toxicity induced by lead on various organs. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 27(9), 8953-8964. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-07654-2
Nguyen, T. T. ., & Vo, V. T. (2019). Thuc hanh sinh li hoc nguoi va dong vat [Laboratory practice human and animal physiology]. HCMC University of Education Publisher.
Nguyen, T. T. H. (2020). Danh gia tac dung khang doc tinh asen cua toi va sori len mot so chi tieu sinh li chuot nhat trang duc (Mus musculus var. albino) [Evaluating protective role of garlic and wild crapemyrtle on arsenic toxicity on some Physiological parameters of male albino mouse (Mus musculus var. albino)]. Ho Chi Minh City University of Education. (Code number: CS.2018.19.38)
Offor, S. J., Mbagwu, H. O., & Orisakwe, O. E. (2017). Lead induced hepato-renal damage in male albino rats and effects of activated charcoal. Frontiers in pharmacology, 8, 107.
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00107
Omotoso, B. R., Abiodun, A. A., Ijomone, O. M., & Adewole, S. O. (2015). Lead-induced damage on hepatocytes and hepatic reticular fibres in rats; protective role of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves (lam). Journal of Biosciences Medicines 3(05), 27.
doi: 10.4236/jbm.2015.35004
Patrick, L. (2006). Lead toxicity, a review of the literature. Part I: Exposure, Evaluation, and treatment. Alternative medicine review.
Pourjafar, M., Aghbolaghi, P. A., & Shakhse-Niaie, M. (2007). Effect of garlic along with lead acetate administration on lead burden of some tissues in mice. Pak J Biol Sci, 10(16),
2772-2774. doi: 10.3923/pjbs.2007.2772.2774
Senapati, S., Dey, S., Dwivedi, S., & Swarup, D. (2001). Effect of garlic (Allium sativum L.) extract on tissue lead level in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 76(3), 229-232.
doi: 10.1016/s0378-8741(01)00237-9
Sharma, A., Sharma, V., & Kansal, L. (2010). Amelioration of lead-induced hepatotoxicity by Allium sativum extracts in Swiss albino mice. Libyan J Med, 5. doi: 10.4176/091107
Sheo, H. J., & Seo, Y. S. (2005). A study on the antidotal effects of dietary garlic juice on lead poisoning rats. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science Nutrition, 34(3), 342-350.
doi: 10.3746/jkfn.2005.34.3.342
Srivastava, S., & Pathak, P. (2012). Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum) Extract in Pattern Of Differential Count Of WBC In Female Albino Rats. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review Research, 13(2), 83-86.
Tang, Z., Sheng, Z., Liu, S., Jian, X., Sun, K., & Yan, M. (1997). The preventing function of garlic on experimental oral precancer and its effect on natural killer cells, T-lymphocytes and interleukin-2. Bulletin of Hunan Medical University, 22(3), 246-248.
Tikare, S. N., Saeed, Y., Amrita, D., Salim, A., & Kusal, K. (2012). Effect of garlic (allium sativum) on hematology and erythrocyte antioxidant defense system of albino rats exposed to heavy metals (nickel II & chromium VI). J Physiol Pharmacol, 56(2), 137-146.
Türkay, M., Türker, H., & Güven, T. (2015). Ultrastructural effects of lead acetate on the spleen of rats. Turkish Journal of Biology, 39(3), 511-516. doi: 10.3906/biy-1404-48
Yagminas, A., Franklin, C., Villeneuve, D., Gilman, A., Little, P., & Valli, V. (1990). Subchronic oral toxicity of triethyl lead in the male weanling rat. Clinical, biochemical, hematological, and histopathological effects. Toxicological Sciences, 15(3), 580-596. doi: 10.1016/0272-0590(90)90043-j