EU’S PROCESS OF DIVERSIFYING ENERGY SUPPLY SOURCES AND REDUCING DEPENDENCE ON RUSSIAN ENERGY
Main Article Content
Abstract
The study adopted a qualitative approach with secondary data collected in August 2023 to clarify the historical circumstances under which the European Union (EU) began energy cooperation with Russia during the Cold War, the EU’s process of diversifying supply sources and reducing dependence on Russian energy sources in the 2019 - 2022 period. The research results show that the EU has reduced imports of energy from Russia by 48.1% and achieved significant diversification in supplies from other countries. From that, the article concludes that the EU has successfully taken an important step to ensure energy security and strategic autonomy.
Keywords
energy, EU, Russia, Ukraine
Article Details
References
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Cooban, A. (2023). US has replaced Russia as Europe’s top crude oil supplier [Mi da thay the Nga tro thanh nha cung cap dau tho hang dau chau Au]. https://edition.cnn.com/2023/03/28/energy/eu-us-oil-imports-overtake-russia/index.html#:~:text=Oil%20independence&text=By%20the%20end%20of%20the%20year%2C%20%E2%80%9Cthe%20EU’s%20biggest%20suppliers,Russian%20oil%2C%E2%80%9D%20Eurostat%20said
David, S. (2017). Oil and geopolitics: the oil crises of the 1970s and the Cold War [Dau mo va dia chinh tri: Cuoc khung hoang dau mo nhung nam 1970 va Chien tranh Lanh]. Journal of Historical Social Research, 39(4), 186-208. https://doi.org/10.12759/hsr.39.2014.4.186-208
Ermolaev, S. (2017). The Formation and Evolution of the Soviet Union’s Oil and Gas Dependence [Su hinh thanh va phat trien cua su phu thuoc vao dau khi Lien Xo]. https://carnegieendowment.org/2017/03/29/formation-and-evolution-of-soviet-union-s-oil-and-gas-dependence-pub-68443
Faulconbridge, G., & Light, F. (2022). Russia blames Europe for gas crisis, warns West of oil retaliation [Nga do loi cho chau Au ve cuoc khung hoang khi dot, canh bao phuong Tay ve su tra dua dau mo]. https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/kremlin-europe-is-blame-nord-stream-1-shutdown-2022-09-05/
Fazelianov, E. M. (2022). The Energy Crisis in Europe and Russian Gas Supplies [Cuoc khung hoang nang luong o chau Au va nguon cung cap khi dot cua Nga]. Journal of National Library of Medicine, 92(9), 902-907. https://doi.org/10.1134%2FS1019331622150035
Francis, D. (2021). Vladimir Putin accused of weaponizing Russian gas [Vladimur Putin bi cao buoc vu khi hoa khi dot cua Nga]. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/vladimir-putin-accused-of-weaponizing-russian-gas/
Gazprom. (2016). Multipolar energy: factbook Gazprom in figures 2011-2015 [Nang luong da cuc: sach thong tin cua Gazprom bang so lieu 2011-2015]. https://www.gazprom.com/f/posts/29/761233/gazprom-in-figures-2011-2015-en.pdf
Gazprom. (2020). Efficient growth: Gazprom in figures 2015–2019 factbook [Tang truong hieu qua: so lieu thuc te 2015-2019 cua Gazprom]. https://www.gazprom.com/f/posts/72/802627/gazprom-in-figures-2015-2019-en.pdf
GOK.UK. (2022). Energy security amid Russia’s increased weaponization of energy: G7 foreign ministers’ statement [An ninh nang luong trong boi canh Nga tang cuong vu khi hoa nang luong: Tuyen bo cua cac ngoai truong G7]. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/g7-foreign-ministers-statement-on-energy-security
Hartman, L. (2022). Europe Moves Away From Russia’s Oil and Gas [Chau Au tranh xa dau khi cua Nga]. https://goodmenproject.com/featured-content/europe-moves-away-from-russias-oil-and-gas/
Hiroko, T. (2022). How Europe Got Hooked on Russian Gas Despite Reagan’s Warnings [Lam the nao ma chau Au bi cuon hut vao khi dot cua Nga bat chap nhung loi canh bao cua Reagan]. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/23/climate/europe-russia-gas-reagan.html
Kardash, S. (2023). Conscious uncoupling: Europeans’ Russian gas challenge in 2023 [Tach roi co y thuc: Thach thuc khi dot cua Nga doi voi nguoi chau Au vao nam 2023]. https://ecfr.eu/article/conscious-uncoupling-europeans-russian-gas-challenge-in-2023/
Le, H. K. (2023). Bai hoc tu xung dot Nga–Ukraine: Goi y chinh sach doi ngoai trong tinh hinh moi [Lessons from the Russia-Ukraine conflict: Vietnam’s foreign policy suggestions in the new situation]. In Proceedings of the Seminar on the Context and Trends of New International Relations. Institute of World Economy and Politics.
Maguire, G. (2022). Column: U.S. LNG exports both a lifeline and a drain for Europe in 2023 [Xuat khau LNG cua My vua la cuu canh vua la cong ranh cho chau Au nam 2023]. https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/us-lng-exports-both-lifeline-drain-europe-2023-maguire-2022-12-20/
Moussu, N. (2022). 10 measures the EU should adopt to reduce Russian gas dependency [10 bien phap chau Au nen ap dung de giam phu thuoc vao khi dot cua Nga]. https://www.euractiv.com/section/energy-environment/news/10-measures-the-eu-should-adopt-to-reduce-russian-gas-dependency/
Perdana, S., & Vielle, M., & Scheckery, M. (2022). European Economic impacts of cutting energy imports from Russia: A computable general equilibrium analysis [Tac dong kinh te chau Au cua viec cat giam nhap khau nang luong tu Nga: Phan tich can bang chung co the tinh toan duoc]. Journal of Energy Strategy Reviews, 44(1), Article 101006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2022.101006
President of Ukraine. (2023). Joint statement following the 24th EU-Ukraine Summit [Tuyen bo chung sau Hoi nghi Thuong dinh Eu-Ukraine lan thu 24]. https://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/spilna-zayava-za-pidsumkami-24-go-samitu-ukrayina-yes-80765
Skurbarty, T. (2007). Understanding the EU – Russia Energy Relations [Tim hieu quan he nang luong Eu – Nga]. https://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=1321210&fileOId=1321211
Trung Hieu. (2022). Lich su cung cap khi dot Nga cho chau Au [History of Russian gas supplies to Europe]. https://vov.vn/the-gioi/ho-so/lich-su-cung-cap-khi-dot-nga-cho-chau-au-post973826.vov
Turkoglu, S. P., & Kardogan, P. S. O. (2018). The Role and Importance of Energy Efficiency for Sustainable Development of the Countries [Vai tro va tam quan trong cua hieu qua nang luong doi voi su phat trien ben vung cua quoc gia]. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Sustainable Buildings Symposium (pp. 16-25). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64349-6_5
Yatsenyuk, A. (2022). Europe must make this the last winter of weaponized Russian energy exports [chau Au phai coi day la mua dong cuoi cung xuat khau nang luong duoc vu khi hoa cua Nga]. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/putin-weaponizes-winter-europe-must-end-its-dependency-on-russian-energy/