SYNTHESIS HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST FexOy/CaO FROM BLUE CRAB SHELL FOR TRANSESTERIFICATION OF FISH FAT OIL
Main Article Content
Abstract
Nowadays, biodiesel attracts much attention since it is renewable, sustainable, and can replace fossil fuels. CaO was a suitable heterogeneous catalyst for transesterification reaction to produce biodiesel. In this study, blue crab shell was recycled as the CaO source. CaO was combined with iron oxide to form a bifunctional catalyst, which was applied for the transesterification of fish fat oil in an autoclave reactor. The catalyst characteristics, i.e. thermal degradation property, morphology, and composition, were studied by TGA and SEM-EDX. The effect of catalyst, temperature, reaction time, and MeOH: oil molar ratio was investigated. The results showed that the addition of Fe can enhance the reaction rate. The reaction temperature and MeOH: oil molar ratio affected the reaction time and catalyst loading more significantly than the FAME yield. The highest FAME yield (84.28%) was achieved at 140°C, 2h, 10wt% FexOy/CaO catalyst and 20:1 MeOH: oil molar ratio.
Keywords
biodiesel, blue crab shell, calcium oxide, iron oxide, fish fat oil
Article Details
References
Aisien, F. A., & Aisien, E. T. (2023). Modeling and optimization of transesterification of rubber seed oil using sulfonated CaO derived from giant African land snail (Achatina fulica) catalyst by response surface methodology. Renewable Energy, 207, 137-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2023.02.093
Amal, R., Nadeem, R., Intisar, A., Rouf, H., Hussain, D., & Kousar, R. (2024). An insight into the catalytic properties and process optimization of Fe, Ni doped eggshell derived CaO for a green biodiesel synthesis from waste chicken fat. Catalysis Communications, 187, Article 106848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catcom.2024.106848
Amenaghawon, A. N., Obahiagbon, K., Isesele, V., & Usman, F. (2022). Optimized biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using a functionalized bio-based heterogeneous catalyst. Cleaner Engineering and Technology, 8, Article 100501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2022.100501
Amesho, K. T. T., Lin, Y.-C., Chen, C.-E., Cheng, P.-C., & Shangdiar, S. (2022). Kinetics studies of sustainable biodiesel synthesis from Jatropha curcas oil by exploiting bio-waste derived CaO-based heterogeneous catalyst via microwave heating system as a green chemistry technique. Fuel, 323, Article 123876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.123876
Attari, A., Abbaszadeh-Mayvan, A., & Taghizadeh-Alisaraei, A. (2022). Process optimization of ultrasonic-assisted biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using waste chicken eggshell-derived CaO as a green heterogeneous catalyst. Biomass and Bioenergy, 158, Article 106357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2022.106357
A.V.S.L.Sai, B., Subramaniapillai, N., Khadhar Mohamed, M. S. B., & Narayanan, A. (2020). Optimization of continuous biodiesel production from rubber seed oil (RSO) using calcined eggshells as heterogeneous catalyst. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 8(1), 103603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2019.103603
Baloch, H. A., Nizamuddin, S., Siddiqui, M. T. H., Riaz, S., Jatoi, A. S., Dumbre, D. K., Mubarak, N. M., Srinivasan, M. P., & Griffin, G. J. (2018). Recent advances in production and upgrading of bio-oil from biomass: A critical overview. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 6(4), 5101-5118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2018.07.050
Cardoso, C. C., Cavalcanti, A. S., Silva, R. O., Alves Junior, S., Sousa, F. P. de, Pasa, V. M. D., Arias, S., & Pacheco, J. G. A. (2020). Residue-Based CaO Heterogeneous Catalysts from Crab and Mollusk Shells for FAME Production Via Transesterification. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 31, 756-767. https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20190240
Correia, L. M., Saboya, R. M. A., de Sousa Campelo, N., Cecilia, J. A., Rodríguez-Castellón, E., Cavalcante, C. L., & Vieira, R. S. (2014). Characterization of calcium oxide catalysts from natural sources and their application in the transesterification of sunflower oil. Bioresource Technology, 151, 207-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.046
Das, V., Tripathi, A. M., Borah, M. J., Dunford, N. T., & Deka, D. (2020). Cobalt-doped CaO catalyst synthesized and applied for algal biodiesel production. Renewable Energy, 161, 1110-1119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.07.040
Hernández-Martínez, M. A., Rodriguez, J. A., Chavez-Esquivel, G., Ángeles-Beltrán, D., & Tavizón-Pozos, J. A. (2023). Canola oil transesterification for biodiesel production using potassium and strontium supported on calcium oxide catalysts synthesized from oyster shell residues. Next Materials, 1(4), Article 100033. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxmate.2023.100033
Ismail, R., Cionita, T., Shing, W. L., Fitriyana, D. F., Siregar, J. P., Bayuseno, A. P., Nugraha, F. W., Muhamadin, R. C., Junid, R., & Endot, N. A. (2022). Synthesis and Characterization of Calcium Carbonate Obtained from Green Mussel and Crab Shells as a Biomaterials Candidate. Materials, 15(16), Article 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15165712
Kara, K., Ouanji, F., Lotfi, E. M., Mahi, M. E., Kacimi, M., & Ziyad, M. (2018). Biodiesel production from waste fish oil with high free fatty acid content from Moroccan fish-processing industries. Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 27(2), 249-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpe.2017.07.010
Kosuru, S. M. Y., Delhiwala, Y., Koorla, P. B., & Mekala, M. (2024). A review on the biodiesel production: Selection of catalyst, Pre-treatment, Post treatment methods. Green Technologies and Sustainability, 2(1), Article 100061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.grets.2023.100061
Lin, C.-Y., & Li, R.-J. (2009). Fuel properties of biodiesel produced from the crude fish oil from the soapstock of marine fish. Fuel Processing Technology, 90(1), 130-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2008.08.002
Niju, S., Meera Sheriffa Begum, K. M., & Anantharaman, N. (2016). Enhancement of biodiesel synthesis over highly active CaO derived from natural white bivalve clam shell. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 9(5), 633-639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.06.006
Ooi, H. K., Koh, X. N., Ong, H. C., Lee, H. V., Mastuli, M. S., Taufiq-Yap, Y. H., Alharthi, F. A., Alghamdi, A. A., & Asikin Mijan, N. (2021). Progress on Modified Calcium Oxide Derived Waste-Shell Catalysts for Biodiesel Production. Catalysts, 11(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11020194
Palitsakun, S., Koonkuer, K., Topool, B., Seubsai, A., & Sudsakorn, K. (2021). Transesterification of Jatropha oil to biodiesel using SrO catalysts modified with CaO from waste eggshell. Catalysis Communications, 149, Article 106233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catcom.2020.106233
Pasha, M. K., Dai, L., Liu, D., Guo, M., & Du, W. (2021). An overview to process design, simulation and sustainability evaluation of biodiesel production. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 14(1), Article 129. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-021-01977-z
Pham, E. C., Le, T. V. T., Le, K. C. T., Ly, H. H. H., Vo, B. N. T., Van Nguyen, D., & Truong, T. N. (2022). Optimization of microwave-assisted biodiesel production from waste catfish using response surface methodology. Energy Reports, 8, 5739-5752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2022.04.036
Phuttawong, R., Chantaramee, N., Pookmanee, P., & Puntharod, R. (2015). Synthesis and Characterization of Calcium Silicate from Rice Husk Ash and Shell of Snail Pomacea canaliculata by Solid State Reaction. Advanced Materials Research, 1103, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.1103.1
Rahman, W. U., Khan, A. M., Anwer, A. H., Hasan, U., Karmakar, B., & Halder, G. (2022). Parametric optimization of calcined and Zn-doped waste egg-shell catalyzed biodiesel synthesis from Hevea brasiliensis oil. Energy Nexus, 6, Article 100073. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2022.100073
Risso, R., Ferraz, P., Meireles, S., Fonseca, I., & Vital, J. (2018). Highly active Cao catalysts from waste shells of egg, oyster and clam for biodiesel production. Applied Catalysis A: General, 567, 56-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2018.09.003
Shankar, V., & Jambulingam, R. (2017). Waste crab shell derived CaO impregnated Na-ZSM-5 as a solid base catalyst for the transesterification of neem oil into biodiesel. Sustainable Environment Research, 27(6), 273-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.serj.2017.06.006
Spencer et al. Statistical Review of World Energy 2022. (2022). https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2022-full-report.pdf
Sulaiman, N. F., Ramly, N. I., Abd Mubin, M. H., & Lee, S. L. (2021). Transition metal oxide (NiO, CuO, ZnO)-doped calcium oxide catalysts derived from eggshells for the transesterification of refined waste cooking oil. RSC Advances, 11(35), 21781-21795. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA02076E
Talha, N. S., & Sulaiman, S. (2016). Overview of catalysts in biodiesel production. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 11(1), 439-448. https://www.arpnjournals.org/jeas/research_papers/rp_2016/jeas_0116_3357.pdf
Xia, S., Hu, Y., Chen, C., Tao, J., Yan, B., Li, W., Zhu, G., Cheng, Z., & Chen, G. (2022). Electrolytic transesterification of waste cooking oil using magnetic Co/Fe–Ca based catalyst derived from waste shells: A promising approach towards sustainable biodiesel production. Renewable Energy, 200, 1286–1299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.10.071
Xia, S., Li, J., Chen, G., Tao, J., Li, W., & Zhu, G. (2022). Magnetic reusable acid-base bifunctional Co doped Fe2O3–CaO nanocatalysts for biodiesel production from soybean oil and waste frying oil. Renewable Energy, 189, 421-434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.02.122
Yusuff, A. S., Gbadamosi, A. O., & Atray, N. (2022). Development of a zeolite supported CaO derived from chicken eggshell as active base catalyst for used cooking oil biodiesel production. Renewable Energy, 197, 1151-1162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.08.032
Amal, R., Nadeem, R., Intisar, A., Rouf, H., Hussain, D., & Kousar, R. (2024). An insight into the catalytic properties and process optimization of Fe, Ni doped eggshell derived CaO for a green biodiesel synthesis from waste chicken fat. Catalysis Communications, 187, Article 106848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catcom.2024.106848
Amenaghawon, A. N., Obahiagbon, K., Isesele, V., & Usman, F. (2022). Optimized biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using a functionalized bio-based heterogeneous catalyst. Cleaner Engineering and Technology, 8, Article 100501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2022.100501
Amesho, K. T. T., Lin, Y.-C., Chen, C.-E., Cheng, P.-C., & Shangdiar, S. (2022). Kinetics studies of sustainable biodiesel synthesis from Jatropha curcas oil by exploiting bio-waste derived CaO-based heterogeneous catalyst via microwave heating system as a green chemistry technique. Fuel, 323, Article 123876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.123876
Attari, A., Abbaszadeh-Mayvan, A., & Taghizadeh-Alisaraei, A. (2022). Process optimization of ultrasonic-assisted biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using waste chicken eggshell-derived CaO as a green heterogeneous catalyst. Biomass and Bioenergy, 158, Article 106357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2022.106357
A.V.S.L.Sai, B., Subramaniapillai, N., Khadhar Mohamed, M. S. B., & Narayanan, A. (2020). Optimization of continuous biodiesel production from rubber seed oil (RSO) using calcined eggshells as heterogeneous catalyst. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 8(1), 103603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2019.103603
Baloch, H. A., Nizamuddin, S., Siddiqui, M. T. H., Riaz, S., Jatoi, A. S., Dumbre, D. K., Mubarak, N. M., Srinivasan, M. P., & Griffin, G. J. (2018). Recent advances in production and upgrading of bio-oil from biomass: A critical overview. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 6(4), 5101-5118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2018.07.050
Cardoso, C. C., Cavalcanti, A. S., Silva, R. O., Alves Junior, S., Sousa, F. P. de, Pasa, V. M. D., Arias, S., & Pacheco, J. G. A. (2020). Residue-Based CaO Heterogeneous Catalysts from Crab and Mollusk Shells for FAME Production Via Transesterification. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 31, 756-767. https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20190240
Correia, L. M., Saboya, R. M. A., de Sousa Campelo, N., Cecilia, J. A., Rodríguez-Castellón, E., Cavalcante, C. L., & Vieira, R. S. (2014). Characterization of calcium oxide catalysts from natural sources and their application in the transesterification of sunflower oil. Bioresource Technology, 151, 207-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.046
Das, V., Tripathi, A. M., Borah, M. J., Dunford, N. T., & Deka, D. (2020). Cobalt-doped CaO catalyst synthesized and applied for algal biodiesel production. Renewable Energy, 161, 1110-1119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.07.040
Hernández-Martínez, M. A., Rodriguez, J. A., Chavez-Esquivel, G., Ángeles-Beltrán, D., & Tavizón-Pozos, J. A. (2023). Canola oil transesterification for biodiesel production using potassium and strontium supported on calcium oxide catalysts synthesized from oyster shell residues. Next Materials, 1(4), Article 100033. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxmate.2023.100033
Ismail, R., Cionita, T., Shing, W. L., Fitriyana, D. F., Siregar, J. P., Bayuseno, A. P., Nugraha, F. W., Muhamadin, R. C., Junid, R., & Endot, N. A. (2022). Synthesis and Characterization of Calcium Carbonate Obtained from Green Mussel and Crab Shells as a Biomaterials Candidate. Materials, 15(16), Article 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15165712
Kara, K., Ouanji, F., Lotfi, E. M., Mahi, M. E., Kacimi, M., & Ziyad, M. (2018). Biodiesel production from waste fish oil with high free fatty acid content from Moroccan fish-processing industries. Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 27(2), 249-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpe.2017.07.010
Kosuru, S. M. Y., Delhiwala, Y., Koorla, P. B., & Mekala, M. (2024). A review on the biodiesel production: Selection of catalyst, Pre-treatment, Post treatment methods. Green Technologies and Sustainability, 2(1), Article 100061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.grets.2023.100061
Lin, C.-Y., & Li, R.-J. (2009). Fuel properties of biodiesel produced from the crude fish oil from the soapstock of marine fish. Fuel Processing Technology, 90(1), 130-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2008.08.002
Niju, S., Meera Sheriffa Begum, K. M., & Anantharaman, N. (2016). Enhancement of biodiesel synthesis over highly active CaO derived from natural white bivalve clam shell. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 9(5), 633-639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.06.006
Ooi, H. K., Koh, X. N., Ong, H. C., Lee, H. V., Mastuli, M. S., Taufiq-Yap, Y. H., Alharthi, F. A., Alghamdi, A. A., & Asikin Mijan, N. (2021). Progress on Modified Calcium Oxide Derived Waste-Shell Catalysts for Biodiesel Production. Catalysts, 11(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11020194
Palitsakun, S., Koonkuer, K., Topool, B., Seubsai, A., & Sudsakorn, K. (2021). Transesterification of Jatropha oil to biodiesel using SrO catalysts modified with CaO from waste eggshell. Catalysis Communications, 149, Article 106233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catcom.2020.106233
Pasha, M. K., Dai, L., Liu, D., Guo, M., & Du, W. (2021). An overview to process design, simulation and sustainability evaluation of biodiesel production. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 14(1), Article 129. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-021-01977-z
Pham, E. C., Le, T. V. T., Le, K. C. T., Ly, H. H. H., Vo, B. N. T., Van Nguyen, D., & Truong, T. N. (2022). Optimization of microwave-assisted biodiesel production from waste catfish using response surface methodology. Energy Reports, 8, 5739-5752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2022.04.036
Phuttawong, R., Chantaramee, N., Pookmanee, P., & Puntharod, R. (2015). Synthesis and Characterization of Calcium Silicate from Rice Husk Ash and Shell of Snail Pomacea canaliculata by Solid State Reaction. Advanced Materials Research, 1103, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.1103.1
Rahman, W. U., Khan, A. M., Anwer, A. H., Hasan, U., Karmakar, B., & Halder, G. (2022). Parametric optimization of calcined and Zn-doped waste egg-shell catalyzed biodiesel synthesis from Hevea brasiliensis oil. Energy Nexus, 6, Article 100073. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2022.100073
Risso, R., Ferraz, P., Meireles, S., Fonseca, I., & Vital, J. (2018). Highly active Cao catalysts from waste shells of egg, oyster and clam for biodiesel production. Applied Catalysis A: General, 567, 56-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2018.09.003
Shankar, V., & Jambulingam, R. (2017). Waste crab shell derived CaO impregnated Na-ZSM-5 as a solid base catalyst for the transesterification of neem oil into biodiesel. Sustainable Environment Research, 27(6), 273-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.serj.2017.06.006
Spencer et al. Statistical Review of World Energy 2022. (2022). https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2022-full-report.pdf
Sulaiman, N. F., Ramly, N. I., Abd Mubin, M. H., & Lee, S. L. (2021). Transition metal oxide (NiO, CuO, ZnO)-doped calcium oxide catalysts derived from eggshells for the transesterification of refined waste cooking oil. RSC Advances, 11(35), 21781-21795. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA02076E
Talha, N. S., & Sulaiman, S. (2016). Overview of catalysts in biodiesel production. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 11(1), 439-448. https://www.arpnjournals.org/jeas/research_papers/rp_2016/jeas_0116_3357.pdf
Xia, S., Hu, Y., Chen, C., Tao, J., Yan, B., Li, W., Zhu, G., Cheng, Z., & Chen, G. (2022). Electrolytic transesterification of waste cooking oil using magnetic Co/Fe–Ca based catalyst derived from waste shells: A promising approach towards sustainable biodiesel production. Renewable Energy, 200, 1286–1299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.10.071
Xia, S., Li, J., Chen, G., Tao, J., Li, W., & Zhu, G. (2022). Magnetic reusable acid-base bifunctional Co doped Fe2O3–CaO nanocatalysts for biodiesel production from soybean oil and waste frying oil. Renewable Energy, 189, 421-434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.02.122
Yusuff, A. S., Gbadamosi, A. O., & Atray, N. (2022). Development of a zeolite supported CaO derived from chicken eggshell as active base catalyst for used cooking oil biodiesel production. Renewable Energy, 197, 1151-1162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.08.032