KHUNG CƠ SỞ LÝ LUẬN VỀ MỨC ĐỘ GẮN KẾT CỦA SINH VIÊN: CÁC MÔ HÌNH GẮN KẾT

Abstract

Engagement is crucial and considered a main driver contributing to student success. This paper reviews related literature on engagement conceptualization, its historical development, key theories exploring the mechanisms of engagement, factors shaping engagement, theoretical frameworks of engagement, and the impact of engagement on student achievement and learning outcomes. Literature was retrieved mainly from Scopus and Google Scholar to provide a comprehensive engagement review. Results indicate that engagement is a multidimensional concept comprising multiple components (behavioral, cognitive, emotional, social, agentic, psychological, etc.). Many theories have been used to explore student engagement, including Self-Determination Theory, a widely utilized one, and Social Constructivist Theory. In higher education, within this study scope, three theoretical frameworks have been examined: educational interface, engagement interface, and agentic engagement, revealing the mechanisms and short-term and long-term impacts of engagement. The one systematic review demonstrates positive relationships between engagement and academic achievement, yet in general education. Findings from this conceptual review highlight the necessity of conducting engagement research in Vietnam as well as implementing intervention measures to foster engagement among students, thereby promoting active learning and student success