SỰ HÌNH THÀNH VÀ PHÁT TRIỂN CỦA VƯƠNG QUỐC KUSH (THẾ KỈ VIII TCN – THẾ KỈ I TCN)

Abstract

Drawing upon archaeological evidence and existing scholarly research on the history of the Nubian region, this article employs both historical and logical methods to examine the formation and development of the Kingdom of Kush from the 8th century BCE to the 1st century BCE. The findings indicate that the emergence and evolution of Kush were influenced by: (1) favorable natural conditions and a strategic location along the Nile River basin, which enabled the establishment of key political and economic centers such as Napata and Meroe; (2) cultural interaction with Egypt, combined with a process of indigenization, which fostered a distinct Kushite civilization expressed through its architecture, writing system, and religious beliefs; and (3) diplomatic and commercial relations with major civilizations such as Egypt, Rome, and neighboring kingdoms, which sustained Kush’s long-lasting development over nearly a millennium. This study also contributes to clarifying the role of Kush in ancient African history and offers new insights into Nubian civilization.