NGHIÊN CỨU, THIẾT KẾ VÀ CHẾ TẠO BỘ THÍ NGHIỆM MÁY ĐO PHỔ PHỤC VỤ DẠY HỌC NỘI DUNG “QUANG PHỔ VẠCH CỦA NGUYÊN TỬ” THUỘC CHUYÊN ĐỀ “VẬT LÍ LƯỢNG TỬ” LỚP 12

Abstract

Quantum physics is one of the key topics in the Grade 12 Physics curriculum. It provides students with fundamental knowledge and initial skills in quantum physics, introducing them to particles of extremely small dimensions such as photons and electrons. Research outcomes in this field have helped to explain many previously unknown aspects of the natural world and have also led to numerous practical applications in daily life. One such application is the spectrometer. Although spectrometer kits are already available on the market and can be used in teaching, they still have several limitations: most are qualitative rather than quantitative; they are bulky; they rely on 220V–50Hz power supplies, which may pose safety risks during experiments; and in practice, only individual students can directly observe the spectral lines. Therefore, our research team has improved, designed, and fabricated a spectrometer kit that employs a diffraction grating instead of a prism as the dispersive element, and integrates the ESP32-CAM module to overcome these limitations. In carrying out this project, the research team adopted an experimental research method combined with a scalable design approach, which allows for mass production and reduces manufacturing costs in the future. The spectrometer kit developed in this study is capable of measuring wavelengths and verifying the emission line spectrum, the continuous spectrum, and the absorption spectrum of common light sources such as hydrogen, neon, incandescent lamps, and fluorescent lamps. Its functionality is comparable to existing commercial spectrometers; however, our prototype is being further refined to both lower costs and reduce measurement errors, which currently stand at about 10%.