NGHIÊN CỨU, THIẾT KẾ VÀ CHẾ TẠO BỘ THÍ NGHIỆM MÁY ĐO PHỔ PHỤC VỤ DẠY HỌC NỘI DUNG “QUANG PHỔ VẠCH CỦA NGUYÊN TỬ” THUỘC CHUYÊN ĐỀ “VẬT LÍ LƯỢNG TỬ” LỚP 12

Abstract

Quantum physics is one of the key topics of the Grade 12 Physics curriculum. It provides students with fundamental knowledge and introductory skills related to quantum phenomena. Through the study of microscopic particles such as photons and electrons, students gain insights into the principles that govern the behavior of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic levels. Research  in this field have helped to explain many previously unknown aspects of the natural world and have also led to numerous practical applications in daily life. One such application is the spectrometer. Although spectrometer kits are available on the market and can be used in teaching, they still have several limitations. Most are designed primarily for qualitative observations rather than quantitative measurements. In addition, they are often bulky, require a 220V–50Hz power supply that may raise safety concerns in classroom settings, and typically allow only individual students to directly observe spectral lines during experiments. To address these limitations, this study developed and fabricated a spectrometer kit that utilizes a diffraction grating rather than a prism as the dispersive element and incorporates an ESP32-CAM module for spectral image capture and analysis. The study employed an experimental research methodology combined with a scalable design approach, enabling future mass production while reducing manufacturing costs. The spectrometer kit developed in this study is capable of measuring wavelengths and verifying the emission line spectrum, the continuous spectrum of common light sources such as hydrogen, neon, incandescent lamps, and fluorescent lamps. Its functionality is comparable to existing commercial spectrometers.  However, our prototype is being further refined to both lower costs and reduce measurement errors, which currently stand at about 10%.