CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT IN THE MODERN ERA: ROLES OF INSTRUCTORS AND UNIVERSITY HEAD STUDENTS
Main Article Content
Abstract
The developing higher education environment complicates classroom management; therefore, instructors and university heads need to work together more effectively. The study investigates the multiple responsibilities that university head students and instructors demonstrate to create effective teaching spaces. A qualitative research design helped collect data through semi-structured interviews with instructors and head students, while additional data came from questionnaires given to students. Among the strategies instructors employed for classroom management, two main approaches emerged: defining clear expectations for students and developing positive relationships with students. University head students actively supported learning environments through their role as bridge builders, along with their role as team members and inspirational examples for students. Results confirm that cooperative activities serve as vital factors that encourage student involvement and sustain educational quality standards. This research helps academics better grasp the mutual responsibilities in classrooms while demonstrating approaches for improving official systems that support classroom leadership.
Keywords
Keywords: classroom management, university instructors, head students, collaborative learning, higher education, qualitative research.
Article Details
References
REFERENCES
Aspen Institute. (2009). What matters most in teacher effectiveness: A review of the research. The Aspen Institute. https://www.aspeninstitute.org/
Astin, A. W. (1999). What matters in college? Four critical years revisited. Jossey-Bass.
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. Prentice Hall.
Bean, R., & Heppner, M. J. (1996). Psychological aspects of learning. Jossey-Bass.
Black, P., & William, D. (1998). Assessment and classroom learning. Assessment in Education, 5(1), 5–37.
Bogue, G. M. (2007). The first years of college: Studies in diversity. Jossey-Bass.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 183–221.
Brown, B. B., & Levinson, C. (1984). Interpersonal relations: Development and conflict. Wadsworth.
Caldwell, J. A., & Bremer, R. M. (2016). The changing landscape of academic dishonesty in higher education. Journal of College Student Development, 57(2), 213–222.
Campbell, C. (2019). The collaborative role of instructors and head students in creating a positive learning environment. International Journal of Student Leadership, 11(1), 78–91.
Chen, R. (2017). The changing role of the instructor in the 21st century. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 28(2), 223–234.
Chubb, E. F., & Shapiro, T. R. (2009). What's so special about charter schools? Charter school research in the United States. Brookings Institution Press.
Cohen, J., & McEvoy, L. (1996). School climate: A review of the research. Review of Educational Research, 66(1), 21–47.
Creswell, J. W. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage Publications.
Eitle, D. B., & Blanchard, F. C. (2011). Role models: A review of the literature and recommendations for future research. Journal of Social Psychology, 151(3), 382–406.
Emmer, E. T., & Strage, A. Y. (2001). Classroom management for secondary teachers. Merrill Prentice Hall.
Freiberg, H. J. (1995). A guide to effective teaching in diverse classrooms. Merrill.
Gay, G. (2010). Culturally responsive teaching in theory and practice. Teachers College Press.
Graham, C. R. (2018). The role of the instructor as mentor. Journal of College Teaching and Learning, 15(2), 117–126.
Gurin, P., Dey, E. L., Gurin, G., & Neal, D. (2002). The complex and changing effects of racial diversity on college students. American Journal of Education, 110(4), 281–302.
Hattie, J., & Timperley, H. (2007). The power of feedback. Phi Delta Kappan, 88(6), 152–161.
Hutchinson, E. D., & Huber, M. T. (1990). Enhancing the effectiveness of student services. Jossey-Bass.
Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (1989). Cooperation and competition: Theory and practice. Interaction Book Company.
Jonassen, D. H. (1999). Designing constructivist learning environments. Educational Technology, 39(3), 31–39.
Love, A., & Jones, L. (2016). The role of student leaders in promoting a positive learning environment. Journal of College Student Development, 57(2), 223–238.
Marzano, R. J., Pickering, D. J., & McTighe, J. (2001). Designing and delivering effective instruction: A comprehensive guide for teachers. ASCD.
McCabe, D., Sass, S. M., Lindsay, J. R., Meindl, S. K., & Laney, J. D. (2009). The integrity of college students: A literature review. Journal of Integrity and Ethics, 9(1), 3–45.
Nguyen TTH, & Hoang KT (2023). Application of cultural linguistics to a new model for humor in translation. International research journal of innovations in engineering and technology, 6(10), 79–84.
Nguyen TTH. (2020a). Tiep can gioi tu “at, in, on” cua mot so sinh vien khoi dai hoc khong chuyen tai Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh nam 2008 [Approaching the use of the prepositions “at, in, on” by some non-specialized university students in Ho Chi Minh City in 2018]. Scientific Journal of Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, 18(2), 234–237.
Nguyen TTH. (2020b). Tiep can gioi tu tieng Anh va cac don vi tuong duong trong tieng Viet [Access to English prepositions and equivalent units in Vietnamese]. Scientific Journal of Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, 17(10), 1901–1909.
Nguyen TTH. (2020c). Cac gioi tu dinh vi “at, in, on” trong tieng Anh va viec doi dich sang tieng Viet qua khung tham chieu dinh vi [The locating prepositions "at, in, on" in English and the translation into Vietnamese through the locating reference frame]. Scientific Journal of Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, 17(1), 73–81.
Nguyen TTH. (2021). Locative prepositions “at, in, on” and translation to Vietnamese through frameworks. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 3(12), 10–15.
Nguyen TTH. (2022). Locative prepositions “at, in, on” and translation to Vietnamese representational meaning. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 13(3), 91–102.
Nguyen TTH. (2023a). Animate your communicative class & engage your students with fun facts. International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies, 3(6), 835–840.
Nguyen TTH. (2023b). Advantages and disadvantages of online classes according to some authors. International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies, 3(1), 754–756.
Nguyen TTH. (2023c). Analyze the two main characteristics of Vietnamese women through cultural language. International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies, 3(5), 119–123.
Nguyen TTH. (2023d). Technology tools for disabled online learners. International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies, 3(6), 835–840.
Nguyen TTH. (2024a). Examining the Issues of English-Speaking Skills that University EFL Learners Face. International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies, 4(2), 36–40.
Nguyen TTH. (2024b). Addressing core values in professional development in the context of English language teaching: A case study. International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies, 4(1), 214–218.
Nguyen TTH. (2024d). Intervention Development for Self-Regulated Writing among English Learners: A single-case design study. International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies, 4(3), 1399–1410.
Nguyen XH, Le TT, Do DK, Hoang QN, Nguyen TTH. (2024c). Students’ attitudes toward utilizing AI-based technologies to improve their speaking proficiency. Scientific Journal of Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, 2734–9918.
Pascarella, E. T., & Terenzini, P. T. (2005). How college affects students: A third decade of research. Jossey-Bass.
Pianta, R. C., & Hamre-Nietz, L. (2006). Early childhood classroom climate and social-emotional development. Social Development, 15(4), 420–442.
Picciano, A. G. (2007). Building community in the online classroom: Learning activities to foster interaction and collaboration. Stylus Publishing.
Roblyer, M. D., & Mishra, P. (2005). Integrating educational technology into teaching. Allyn & Bacon.
Shamoon, N., & Burns, T. (2019). Academic integrity: A conceptual framework for understanding and addressing academic dishonesty. Journal of Academic Integrity, 15(3), 329–347.
Slavin, R. E. (1990). Cooperative learning: Theory, research, and practice. Prentice Hall.
Smith, M. (2020). Professional development for instructors and head students: Enhancing their roles in the modern university. Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 31(4), 512–525.
Swim, J. K., & Johnson, C. S. (1997). Abiding by the gender contract: Differential consequences for men and women who attain positions of authority. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21(1), 35–58.
Tatum, B. D. (2017). Why are all the black kids sitting together in the cafeteria? And other conversations about race, racism, and education. Basic Books.
Thompson, J. E. (2005). Conflict resolution: A handbook for practitioners. Jossey-Bass.
Tinto, V. (1993). Leaving college: Rethinking the causes and cures of student departure. University of Chicago Press.
Tomlinson, C. A. (2001). How to differentiate instruction in mixed-ability classrooms. ASCD.
Topping, K. (2009). Effects of peer feedback on learning: A meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 79(1), 120–162.
Warschauer, M., & Dana, N. (2007). Bridging the digital divide: Toward an ecology of technology and literacy. Teachers College Press.
Wentzel, K. R. (2000). Socioemotional aspects of learning: Putting theory into practice. School Psychology Quarterly, 15(2), 187–202.
Wiersma, W. (2009). The art and science of classroom management: A comprehensive guide for effective teaching. Paul Brookes Publishing.
ADDITIONAL READING
Creswell, J. W. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage Publications.
Eitle, D. B., & Blanchard, F. C. (2011). Role models: A review of the literature and recommendations for future research. Journal of Social Psychology, 151(3), 382–406.
Gay, G. (2010). Culturally responsive teaching in theory and practice. Teachers College Press.
Graham, C. R. (2018). The role of the instructor as mentor. Journal of College Teaching and Learning, 15(2), 117–126.
Gurin, P., Dey, E. L., Gurin, G., & Neal, D. (2002). The complex and changing effects of racial diversity on college students. American Journal of Education, 110(4), 281–302.
KEY TERMS IN THIS CHAPTER
University head students are also known as peer mentors or learning assistants.
(Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary)
Instructors are people whose job is to teach someone a practical skill or sport.
(Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary)
Aspen Institute. (2009). What matters most in teacher effectiveness: A review of the research. The Aspen Institute. https://www.aspeninstitute.org/
Astin, A. W. (1999). What matters in college? Four critical years revisited. Jossey-Bass.
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. Prentice Hall.
Bean, R., & Heppner, M. J. (1996). Psychological aspects of learning. Jossey-Bass.
Black, P., & William, D. (1998). Assessment and classroom learning. Assessment in Education, 5(1), 5–37.
Bogue, G. M. (2007). The first years of college: Studies in diversity. Jossey-Bass.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 183–221.
Brown, B. B., & Levinson, C. (1984). Interpersonal relations: Development and conflict. Wadsworth.
Caldwell, J. A., & Bremer, R. M. (2016). The changing landscape of academic dishonesty in higher education. Journal of College Student Development, 57(2), 213–222.
Campbell, C. (2019). The collaborative role of instructors and head students in creating a positive learning environment. International Journal of Student Leadership, 11(1), 78–91.
Chen, R. (2017). The changing role of the instructor in the 21st century. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 28(2), 223–234.
Chubb, E. F., & Shapiro, T. R. (2009). What's so special about charter schools? Charter school research in the United States. Brookings Institution Press.
Cohen, J., & McEvoy, L. (1996). School climate: A review of the research. Review of Educational Research, 66(1), 21–47.
Creswell, J. W. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage Publications.
Eitle, D. B., & Blanchard, F. C. (2011). Role models: A review of the literature and recommendations for future research. Journal of Social Psychology, 151(3), 382–406.
Emmer, E. T., & Strage, A. Y. (2001). Classroom management for secondary teachers. Merrill Prentice Hall.
Freiberg, H. J. (1995). A guide to effective teaching in diverse classrooms. Merrill.
Gay, G. (2010). Culturally responsive teaching in theory and practice. Teachers College Press.
Graham, C. R. (2018). The role of the instructor as mentor. Journal of College Teaching and Learning, 15(2), 117–126.
Gurin, P., Dey, E. L., Gurin, G., & Neal, D. (2002). The complex and changing effects of racial diversity on college students. American Journal of Education, 110(4), 281–302.
Hattie, J., & Timperley, H. (2007). The power of feedback. Phi Delta Kappan, 88(6), 152–161.
Hutchinson, E. D., & Huber, M. T. (1990). Enhancing the effectiveness of student services. Jossey-Bass.
Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (1989). Cooperation and competition: Theory and practice. Interaction Book Company.
Jonassen, D. H. (1999). Designing constructivist learning environments. Educational Technology, 39(3), 31–39.
Love, A., & Jones, L. (2016). The role of student leaders in promoting a positive learning environment. Journal of College Student Development, 57(2), 223–238.
Marzano, R. J., Pickering, D. J., & McTighe, J. (2001). Designing and delivering effective instruction: A comprehensive guide for teachers. ASCD.
McCabe, D., Sass, S. M., Lindsay, J. R., Meindl, S. K., & Laney, J. D. (2009). The integrity of college students: A literature review. Journal of Integrity and Ethics, 9(1), 3–45.
Nguyen TTH, & Hoang KT (2023). Application of cultural linguistics to a new model for humor in translation. International research journal of innovations in engineering and technology, 6(10), 79–84.
Nguyen TTH. (2020a). Tiep can gioi tu “at, in, on” cua mot so sinh vien khoi dai hoc khong chuyen tai Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh nam 2008 [Approaching the use of the prepositions “at, in, on” by some non-specialized university students in Ho Chi Minh City in 2018]. Scientific Journal of Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, 18(2), 234–237.
Nguyen TTH. (2020b). Tiep can gioi tu tieng Anh va cac don vi tuong duong trong tieng Viet [Access to English prepositions and equivalent units in Vietnamese]. Scientific Journal of Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, 17(10), 1901–1909.
Nguyen TTH. (2020c). Cac gioi tu dinh vi “at, in, on” trong tieng Anh va viec doi dich sang tieng Viet qua khung tham chieu dinh vi [The locating prepositions "at, in, on" in English and the translation into Vietnamese through the locating reference frame]. Scientific Journal of Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, 17(1), 73–81.
Nguyen TTH. (2021). Locative prepositions “at, in, on” and translation to Vietnamese through frameworks. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 3(12), 10–15.
Nguyen TTH. (2022). Locative prepositions “at, in, on” and translation to Vietnamese representational meaning. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 13(3), 91–102.
Nguyen TTH. (2023a). Animate your communicative class & engage your students with fun facts. International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies, 3(6), 835–840.
Nguyen TTH. (2023b). Advantages and disadvantages of online classes according to some authors. International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies, 3(1), 754–756.
Nguyen TTH. (2023c). Analyze the two main characteristics of Vietnamese women through cultural language. International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies, 3(5), 119–123.
Nguyen TTH. (2023d). Technology tools for disabled online learners. International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies, 3(6), 835–840.
Nguyen TTH. (2024a). Examining the Issues of English-Speaking Skills that University EFL Learners Face. International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies, 4(2), 36–40.
Nguyen TTH. (2024b). Addressing core values in professional development in the context of English language teaching: A case study. International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies, 4(1), 214–218.
Nguyen TTH. (2024d). Intervention Development for Self-Regulated Writing among English Learners: A single-case design study. International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies, 4(3), 1399–1410.
Nguyen XH, Le TT, Do DK, Hoang QN, Nguyen TTH. (2024c). Students’ attitudes toward utilizing AI-based technologies to improve their speaking proficiency. Scientific Journal of Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, 2734–9918.
Pascarella, E. T., & Terenzini, P. T. (2005). How college affects students: A third decade of research. Jossey-Bass.
Pianta, R. C., & Hamre-Nietz, L. (2006). Early childhood classroom climate and social-emotional development. Social Development, 15(4), 420–442.
Picciano, A. G. (2007). Building community in the online classroom: Learning activities to foster interaction and collaboration. Stylus Publishing.
Roblyer, M. D., & Mishra, P. (2005). Integrating educational technology into teaching. Allyn & Bacon.
Shamoon, N., & Burns, T. (2019). Academic integrity: A conceptual framework for understanding and addressing academic dishonesty. Journal of Academic Integrity, 15(3), 329–347.
Slavin, R. E. (1990). Cooperative learning: Theory, research, and practice. Prentice Hall.
Smith, M. (2020). Professional development for instructors and head students: Enhancing their roles in the modern university. Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 31(4), 512–525.
Swim, J. K., & Johnson, C. S. (1997). Abiding by the gender contract: Differential consequences for men and women who attain positions of authority. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21(1), 35–58.
Tatum, B. D. (2017). Why are all the black kids sitting together in the cafeteria? And other conversations about race, racism, and education. Basic Books.
Thompson, J. E. (2005). Conflict resolution: A handbook for practitioners. Jossey-Bass.
Tinto, V. (1993). Leaving college: Rethinking the causes and cures of student departure. University of Chicago Press.
Tomlinson, C. A. (2001). How to differentiate instruction in mixed-ability classrooms. ASCD.
Topping, K. (2009). Effects of peer feedback on learning: A meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 79(1), 120–162.
Warschauer, M., & Dana, N. (2007). Bridging the digital divide: Toward an ecology of technology and literacy. Teachers College Press.
Wentzel, K. R. (2000). Socioemotional aspects of learning: Putting theory into practice. School Psychology Quarterly, 15(2), 187–202.
Wiersma, W. (2009). The art and science of classroom management: A comprehensive guide for effective teaching. Paul Brookes Publishing.
ADDITIONAL READING
Creswell, J. W. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage Publications.
Eitle, D. B., & Blanchard, F. C. (2011). Role models: A review of the literature and recommendations for future research. Journal of Social Psychology, 151(3), 382–406.
Gay, G. (2010). Culturally responsive teaching in theory and practice. Teachers College Press.
Graham, C. R. (2018). The role of the instructor as mentor. Journal of College Teaching and Learning, 15(2), 117–126.
Gurin, P., Dey, E. L., Gurin, G., & Neal, D. (2002). The complex and changing effects of racial diversity on college students. American Journal of Education, 110(4), 281–302.
KEY TERMS IN THIS CHAPTER
University head students are also known as peer mentors or learning assistants.
(Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary)
Instructors are people whose job is to teach someone a practical skill or sport.
(Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary)